YorkSpace

YorkSpace is York University's Institutional Repository. It supports York University's Senate Policy on Open Access by providing York community members with a place to preserve their research online in an institutional context.

Photo by NASA on Unsplash

Communities in YorkSpace

Select a community to browse its collections.

Now showing 1 - 63 of 63

Recent Submissions

  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access ,
    Criminalización de menores migrantes no acompañados: una comparativa entre México y España
    (Centro Scalabriniano de Estudos Migratórios, 2026-06-15) García García, María Isabel
    La literatura académica ha venido advirtiendo sobre la creciente tendencia de diferentes gobiernos a criminalizar la movilidad irregular. Como resultado, las personas migrantes se han convertido en objeto de medidas de control abusivas propias del ámbito penal y de discursos sociales que las presentan como una amenaza para la seguridad. En este contexto, ha cobrado fuerza un debate teórico sobre si estas prácticas también se han extendido al tratamiento que reciben los menores migrantes, pese a gozar de protección jurídica internacional. El objetivo de esta propuesta es analizar si existe un proceso de criminalización de los menores migrantes no acompañados en México y España, especialmente considerando que ambos países han experimentado un aumento de llegadas de este colectivo de forma simultánea. Para ello, se examina, por un lado, la construcción social de esta categoría en los ámbitos normativo, político y mediático de ambos países; y, por otro, el tratamiento institucional que reciben estos menores tras ser interceptados por las autoridades mexicanas y españolas. Los resultados señalan que en ambos países existe un proceso criminalizador del colectivo a través de diferentes dimensiones. Academic literature has increasingly warned about the growing tendency of various governments to criminalize irregular mobility. As a result, migrants have become the target of abusive control measures characteristic of the criminal sphere, as well as of social discourses that portray them as a threat to security. In this context, a theoretical debate has gained prominence regarding whether these practices have also been extended to the treatment of migrant children, despite the international legal protections they are entitled to. The aim of this proposal is to analyze whether a process of criminalization of unaccompanied migrant minors exists in Mexico and Spain, particularly considering that both countries have experienced a simultaneous increase in arrivals of this population. To this end, the analysis examines, on the one hand, the social construction of this category within the normative, political, and media spheres of both countries; and, on the other, the institutional treatment these minors receive after being intercepted by Mexican and Spanish authorities. The results indicate that in both countries there is a process of criminalization of the group across different dimensions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access ,
    Detained Minor-Days in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Facilities, 2022–2026: National Surveillance of Child Detention Exposure
    (Springer, 2026-09-09) Markowitz, Jeffrey
    Detention of immigrant children is a public-health and health-equity concern, yet national surveillance of cumulative child exposure in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) custody is limited. I quantified facility-day exposure among detainees classified by ICE as under age 18. I conducted a descriptive facility-day surveillance study using ICE detention-facility daily population records from October 1, 2022 through March 10, 2026. The primary outcome was detained minor-days, defined as the daily count of detainees classified by ICE as under age 18, summed across facilities and time. Rates used total detainee-days as the denominator. Analyses examined trends, facility concentration, and the contribution of the South Texas Family Residential Center (STFRC). The dataset included 888,699 facility-day records from 696 facilities. Overall, 115,314 detained minor-days were recorded. Annual detained minor-days increased from 8,669 in 2024 to 70,420 in 2025 and 23,992 during partial 2026. Rates rose from 0.61 per 1,000 detainee-days in 2024 to 3.37 in 2025 and 4.90 in early 2026. STFRC accounted for 83,994 detained minor-days (72.8% of the national total), and seven facilities accounted for 90.8% of all detained minor-days. Detained minor-days increased sharply in ICE records during 2025–2026 and were highly concentrated within a small number of facilities, highlighting the need for surveillance, oversight, and child-health protections across family and non-family detention settings.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access ,
    An Exploratory Analytical Framework for Artificial Intelligence-Driven Interactive Art Installations
    (MDPI AG, 2026-10-01) Park, Sihwa; Oh, Je-ho
    Interactive art is a form in which aesthetic content emerges through audience participation within technology-based installations designed for interactive engagement. Recent developments in AI have increasingly shaped this field, influencing audience participation, the dynamic interplay between installations and algorithms, and the formation of aesthetic experience. However, relatively little research has examined how AI affects these design dimensions in interactive art. To address this gap, this study proposes the exploratory 4A framework, comprising audience participation, art object embodiment, AI inquiry and response, and aesthetic experience. Rather than advancing a wholly new theory of interaction, the framework extends earlier models by treating AI as an analytically distinct entity to examine the technical and experiential conditions specific to AI-driven artworks. Drawing on publicly available documentation, we analyzed three artworks presented at the CVPR 2024 AI Art Gallery as illustrative cases to demonstrate the framework’s application. The analyses elaborate interpretive design propositions concerning AI temporality, modality conversion, and AI-mediated aesthetic experience. These propositions suggest potential approaches to designing AI-driven interactive installations, while the framework provides a structured basis for further analysis. The study’s limited case selection and documentary basis highlight the need for broader application, framework refinement, and empirical investigation of audience experience.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access ,
    Una aedicula fragmentaria de Augusta Emerita con mención a un legatus Augusti
    (Museo Nacional de Arte Romano, Mérida, 2025) Edmondson, Jonathan Charles; Ramírez Sádaba, José Luis; Hidalgo Martín, Luis Ángel
    This article provides a detailed study of a small aedicula from Augusta Emerita that has long formed part of the collection of the MNAR (inv. 607). It was first studied by Luis García Iglesias in his unpublished doctoral thesis of 1973 (ERAE 560) and, more recently, by José María Murciano Calles in his Ph.D. thesis, published in 2019. This article raises questions about its possible funerary function and provides a substantially new reading and interpretation of the single line of text that is preserved on the upper part of the monument. It is argued that the person mentioned in the text is a certain (H)aterius Urbanus, of senatorial rank, who found himself in Emerita fulfilling the role of legatus Augusti during the second half of the second century, not as provincial governor, but as a legatus appointed by the emperor to assist the actual governor of Lusitania, possibly in judicial matters among others. Hence, the monument attests a member of the Roman provincial administration occupying a position hitherto undocumented at Augusta Emerita and in the province of Lusitania.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access ,
    "We Have a Voice": Children's Perspectives of Their Rights and The UNCRC
    (2026-07) Campbell, Jessica Leigh; Shabtay, Abigail; Coulter, Natalie; Cowdy, Cheryl
    The Government of Canada ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) in 1991, assuring that it will implement the terms into its domestic law. These rights include Article 42, which requires state parties to ensure that children and adults are aware of children’s rights under the convention. This paper investigates how children aged 9-11 in Toronto, Canada, express their understandings and perspectives as they relate to children’s rights and the UNCRC. Using a qualitative, participatory approach, the study engaged children through a range of child-centred methods, including focus groups, embodied tableaux, puppetry, poster-making, and draw-and-tell activities. The findings reveal children’s understandings and interpretations of their rights. Through discussions and participatory activities, child participants reported limited prior knowledge of the UNCRC and children’s rights, a recognition of children’s reliance on adults to uphold and protect their rights, and feelings of personal responsibility in protecting their privacy rights online. Additionally, children proposed suggestions to further strengthen children’s rights documents and better align with their experiences in the contemporary context, focusing on three main areas: outdoor experiences, opportunities for social interaction, and digital access.