YorkSpace

YorkSpace is York University's Institutional Repository. It supports York University's Senate Policy on Open Access by providing York community members with a place to preserve their research online in an institutional context.

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Communities in YorkSpace

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Recent Submissions

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    Geopolitical Uses of Organised Forced Migration
    (Wiley, 2025-11-19) Adamson, Fiona B.; Greenhill, Kelly M.
    State use of organised forced migration has played a central role in geopolitics and foreign policy. In this piece, we draw attention to its prevalence, including its widespread use as a tool in contemporary migration management policies. In order to effectively tackle questions of forced migration, it is necessary to first recognise that it is frequently purposefully perpetuated by states.
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    가자에 이르는 길, 2편 : 모든 것의 자본화 (The Road to Gaza, Part II: The Capitalization of Everything)
    (2025) Bichler, Shimshon; Nitzan, Jonathan
    우리는 최근 발표한 글 「가자에 이르는 길(The Road to Gaza) 1편」에서 세 최고-신 교회(supreme-God churches)의 역사와, 전 세계 곳곳의 무력 분쟁과 전쟁에서 민병대가 맡는 역할이 어떻게 커져 왔는지를 검토했다. 본 논문은 이러한 민병대 전쟁들을 자본주의 권력 양식(capitalist mode of power)이라는 보다 넓은 조망 속에 위치시킨다. 특히 중동에 초점을 맞추어, 우리는 민병대 전쟁이 상대적 석유 가격과 차등적 석유 이윤(differential oil profits)에 미치는 영향을 보여주고, 전쟁 그 자체와 전쟁을 부추기는 자들, 그리고 그 전쟁에서 싸우는 주체들이 어떻게 모두 자본화된 권력(capitalized power)의 계산 속으로 할인(discounted)*되는지를 설명한다.
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    가자에 이르는 길 (The Road to Gaza)
    (2025) Bichler, Shimshon; Nitzan, Jonathan
    2023년에 시작된 하마스와 이스라엘 간의 전쟁은 여러 장기 과정들에 의해 추동되지만, 여태껏 주변적이라고 여겨졌던 새로운 원인, 즉 랍비나트(Rabbinate)*와 이슬람 교회(Islamic churches)의 무장 민병대를 전면에 부각시켰다. 유대인 정착민 조직들로 구현된 랍비나트 민병대는 팔레스타인 영토뿐만 아니라 점차 이스라엘 사회까지 장악했다. 팔레스타인의 전통적인 저항 단체들 - 주로 PLO(팔레스타인 해방기구, Palestine Liberation Organization)와 PFLP(팔레스타인 해방인민전건Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine), 나아가 팔레스타인 자치 정부(Palestinian Authority) - 이 약화되어 이스라엘의 점령을 되돌리기는커녕 막을 수도 없게 되자, 하마스와 이슬람 지하드(Islamic Jihad)로 대표되는 이슬람 민병대가 두드러지게 부상했다. 그러나 이러한 민병대의 부상은 이스라엘/팔레스타인이나 더 나아가 중동에만 국한된 현상이 아니다. 이는 국가, 교회 관련 NGO 및/또는 조직 범죄에 의해 자금을 지원받는 ‘사적’ 군사 조직들이 그 국가들과 서로를 위해, 국가들을 상대로 그리고 서로 간에 싸우는 광범위한 전 지구적 과정의 일부다. 이러한 단체들의 부상은 국민-국가와 그 대중 군대들(popular armies)의 쇠퇴와 밀접하게 연관되어 있다. 국민-국가와 대중 군대 모델은 프랑스 혁명 이후 발전했지만, 점점 더 세계화되는 자본 축적의 본성과는 더 이상 공명하지 않는다. 우리가 이전에 수행한 중동 전쟁에 관한 연구들은 ‘자본의 국가(state of capital)’를 강조했다. 우리가 제시한 이 개념은 자본주의 권력 양식(capitalist mode of power)이 단 하나의 논리로, 즉 독점 자본 집단들이 차등적 축적(differential accumulation)을 위한 권력 추구에 의해 추동된다는 논리에 따라 국가와 자본을 융합하는 걸 가리킨다. 우리는 중동에서 이러한 논리가 거대 석유 기업과 군수 기업, OPEC, 금융 기관, 그리고 건설 회사들로 이루어진 ‘무기달러-석유달러 연합(Weapondollar-Petrodollar Coalition)’에 의해 관철되었음을 입증했었다. 이들의 차등 소득과 이윤은 주기적으로 발발하는 ‘에너지 분쟁’과 밀접한 상관관계가 있었고, 이를 예측하는 데 도움이 되었다. 그러나 이 권력 양식은 두 가지가 아니라 세 가지 요소로 구성된다. 국가와 자본 외에 최고-신 교회들(the supreme-God churches)도 포함되며, 본 논문에서 우리는 일반적으로는 자본주의에서, 그리고 특수하게는 중동 전쟁에서 이러한 교회와 그들의 민병대가 수행하는 역할을 개괄한다.
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    Unbridled: Queering Animality with Human & Horse
    (2025-08-31) Carenza, Joseph; Sandilands, Catriona
    Though in the Global North, domesticated horses have been largely retired from their historical labouring roles, their bodies have continued to be instrumentalized to meet human desires. Not only does the classic interspecies dyad of the “Man on horseback” pervade in contemporary equine roles—as a symbol of white supremacy, heteropatriarchy, colonialism, and elitism—but also so often as a failure to meaningfully empathically engage horses. Unbridled is a major research portfolio that responds to these biopolitical and anthropocentric dilemmas through three interwoven projects. Each engages my own lived experiences to queerly reimagine being-with horses in our shared worlds, as reminder of our mutually embodied animality. The first project intervenes in the dominant horse-human pedagogical relationship as it unfolds in the riding school at which I currently teach as a riding instructor. I engage the literature of animal and critical animal pedagogies, as well as my own lived experience, to inform my discussion of some of the challenges and opportunities for achieving less anthropocentrically oriented relationships to horses in these educational settings. The second project invokes Warkentin’s phenomenological interspecies etiquette (2010), along with queer theories of performativity, to explore how notions of power and agency are co-creatively enacted during my encounters with the horses with whom I work. Incorporating arts-based methodologies, including life writing and figurative drawing, I challenge dominant cultural constructions of human and horse by attending to the embodied encounter as a possible site for more empathic relationships to blossom. The third and final component is a visual project that responds to traditional representations of horses in Western art history. Through six digitally composited portraits, I remix the work of animal portraitist George Stubbs (1724–1806) to queer the cultural symbol of the horse-human dyad—re-centring the affective, body-to-body intimacies that have always existed between our two species. Attending to the domains of pedagogy, performativity, and representation, this portfolio marks only the beginning of a larger project of challenging anthropocentrism and queering horsehuman intimacies. I intend to carry on exploring these themes and more as I continue to study contemporary relationships with horses in the Environmental Studies doctoral program
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    Toward Care and Solidarity in Planning: Examining Food and Housing Insecurity Through Relational Care Ethics in Community Land Trusts
    (2025-08-31) Yamaki, Akanee; Sotomayor, Luisa
    This Major Paper examines the relational needs of food and housing insecurity, exploring how Community Land Trusts (CLTs) as a community centred, decommodified movement can currently address material needs. Canada is facing a dual crisis of housing and food insecurity, with nearly half of renters living in inadequate or unaffordable housing and over one-quarter of households experiencing food insecurity, revealing deep structural inequities that extend beyond individual need to societal questions of health, community, and care ethics. This study critically examines how CLTs in Toronto are attempting to integrate food and housing security, and how fragmented, solutionist approaches in planning and policy, often downloaded onto NGOs, limit their ability to meet community needs. Applying relational care ethics, I explore how planning might recenter social needs and move away from the commodified and financialized housing system. Congruent with the literature, my research emphases that CLTs, as a tool within the existing framework of neoliberal, capitalist and colonial understanding of land use, cannot be liberative on their own, but offer an alternative that can be leveraged towards greater mobilisation. CLTs are gaining momentum and popularity in planning theory and practice, promoted as a best practice to address structural issues in housing, yet their capacity is constrained by the very policy and economic structures that necessitate them. The research employed a qualitative case study of Toronto CLTs, drawing on literature review, document and policy analysis, and thirteen semi-structured interviews. Participants included CLT organizers and staff in Toronto, Nova Scotia, and Boston, alongside urban planners, food security workers, and academic experts. Data were analyzed thematically to identify both opportunities and barriers to integrating food and housing security through CLTs. Findings highlight persistent policy silos and structural barriers that limit CLTs’ ability to fully address food and housing insecurity, while also illustrating their potential to bring together grassroots movements in housing and food justice as a way to holistically address interconnected needs. This research contributes to planning scholarship and practice by illuminating the relational dimensions of food and housing insecurity and identifying the limitations and possibilities of CLTs within Canada’s current crisis.