YorkSpace

YorkSpace is York University's Institutional Repository. It supports York University's Senate Policy on Open Access by providing York community members with a place to preserve their research online in an institutional context.

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    'ויקיפדיה אקספרס, שרותי סבוטז (Wikipedia Express, Sabotage Services)
    (2025) Bichler, Shimshon; Nitzan, Jonathan
    לואי-פרדינן סלין, בספרו 'מסע אל קצה הלילה', סיכם במשפט מחץ את מדינת הרווחה-מלחמה שהתפתחה מאז המהפכה הצרפתית כדי לייצר "חיילים בחינם" ואזרחים מאולפים: "אני מזהיר אתכם, כאשר שליטי העולם מתחילים לאהוב אתכם, סימן שהם מתכוונים להפוך אתכם לנקניקיות קרב..." וכך, כאשר מיליונר משועמם, ממעריצי איין ראנד ופרידריך האייק, מוקף להקת חנפים שוחרי טוב והמוני קבוצות מתנדבים (עם גב פילנטרופי של גוגל, אפל, מיקרוסופט, אמזון ודומיהם), דואגים יומם ולילה להפיץ בחינם השכלה ויקיפידית לילידים, סביר להניח שהם מתכוונים לדרוס את מעט המחשבה האוטונומית שנותרה בכם ולדחסה לתוך הקונצנזוס התאגידי-מדיני
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    Welfare Pluralism and a Policy Window in Refugee Policies: The Emergence and Proliferation of Community Sponsorship in Europe, 2013–2023
    (Springer Nature, 2025-06-03) Stefańska, Renata; Grzymała‑Kazłowska, Aleksandra; Wach, Dominik
    The last decade in Europe has been marked by unprecedented refugee crises. In the face of existing ineffective and insufficient refugee reception and integration systems, and the tension between more unfavourable general attitudes and restrictive refugee policies on the one hand, and calls for more humanitarian and engaged approaches simultaneously articulated in some segments in receiving societies on the other hand, the need for new tools has become even more acute. States and international institutions are looking for new measures and solutions pressured by civil society actors. Among different approaches, those related to community sponsorship (CS) developed in Canada since the 1970s have become particularly important, which reflects an emerging trend towards more welfare pluralism in receiving and supporting refugees. Drawing on the citizen hosting movement, these initiatives utilise and generate civil society engagement and can increase societies’ acceptance of refugees’ admission and support. This paper outlines the development of CS programmes in Europe. Three waves of development of these programmes can be observed following the refugee crisis associated with the Arab Spring in the mid-2010s, the takeover of power by the Taliban in Afghanistan, and the outbreak of the full-scale war in Ukraine after 24 February 2022. We will explain where such programmes are established (and where they are not) and what factors influence this, including the role of policy windows, policy transfer, policy entrepreneurs, social policy models implemented in the countries in question, and political parties. The theoretical underpinning of the study is the multiple streams theory combined with the policy transfer theory and historical institutionalism. Note: This article is part of a collection on "Community Sponsorship and Complementary Pathways: global refugee resettlement movements driven by local actors."
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    Belonging beyond Borders: The Cultural Integration of Yemeni Refugees in Jeju
    (Berghahn Journals, 2025-12-01) Yi, Soojeong
    This article examines the acculturation of Yemeni refugees who arrived in Jeju, South Korea, in 2018 and their adaptation to Korean society five years later in 2023. Based on interviews conducted in 2024 with four Yemeni refugees and five Korean stakeholders, including government and private sector representatives, the article applies Ager and Strang's integration framework to analyse key factors influencing the refugees’ settlement. The findings reveal that state intervention was minimal, while private organisations and individual efforts played a significant role in integration. Factors such as language acquisition, employment, social networks and visa stability were crucial in shaping their adaptation. This article provides insights into how Korea, encountering large-scale refugee arrivals for the first time, managed this challenge and offers recommendations for future refugee policies.
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    Long COVID and the Right to Breathe
    (2025-11-11) Armstrong, Helen; davis halifax, nancy viva; Rheume, Geoffrey
    “Long covid” is a post viral illness which includes up to 200 plus symptoms. This disabling condition can appear weeks or months after acquiring SARS-CoV-2 and can be ongoing or relapsing. New symptoms can arise at any time. (Raveendran, Jayadevan, & Sashidharan, 2021) The World Health Organization reports that long covid can continue or develop three months after the infection and last for two months or more. (World Health Organization, 2025) I will examine the illness using autotheory and a review of scholarly research to situate the disability of long covid within the realm of Critical Disability Studies. My literature review including academic and grey literature reveals that long covid, while often accepted as a disability qualifying for financial disability benefits in Canada, (Government of Canada, P. H. A. 2024, October 22). The illness remains poorly understood by many medical doctors especially when diagnosing and proposing treatment options. (Au, Capotescu, Eyal & Finestone, 2022) The above authors label this poor treatment “epistemic injustice”. (P. 3) My research will focus on Canada and to some extent the USA when examining treatment of people with the illness.
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    Indigenous Health Counts: Advancing Meta-Analysis Methods for Respondent-Driven Sampling and First Nations, Inuit, and Metis Peoples Living in Urban Areas in Ontario
    (2025-11-17) Octavia Chi Yan Wong; Rotondi, Michael
    Introduction: There is a lack of accurate and valid health information for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis (FNIM) peoples living in urban areas in Canada. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a statistical and sampling technique that allows the health of Indigenous peoples living in urban areas to be examined through the use of their social networks. There are currently no techniques available to pool the results of RDS studies to obtain overall summary-level information across RDS samples. The objective of this dissertation was to develop a meta-analysis technique for RDS data and examine the combined, overall prevalence of key outcomes identified by local Indigenous health service organizations. Data were obtained from the community-led Our Health Counts (OHC) projects – five Indigenous health studies which successfully applied RDS in the cities of Hamilton, Toronto, London, Kenora, and Thunder Bay. Primary outcomes include diabetes mellitus (DM), prescription opioid (PO) use without a prescription or in unprescribed ways, experiences of discrimination in the healthcare system, and use of traditional medicines. Methods: Four manuscripts were completed, including one simulation study and three applications of the results of the simulation study. The first study developed and validated preliminary meta-analysis methods for random effects (RE) and fixed effects (FE) models for RDS data. The subsequent three manuscripts examine the prevalence of (1) DM, (2) PO use without a prescription or out of keeping with the prescription, and (3) experiences of anti-Indigenous discrimination in the healthcare system and use of traditional medicines in FNIM peoples living in urban areas through RE meta-analysis. Results: Using the average variance calculated from RDS-II bootstrap confidence intervals as the estimate of within-study variance for RE and FE models was the only valid meta-analysis method for RDS data. For younger adults, the prevalence of DM was higher among FNIM peoples living in Ontario cities compared to the general population. FNIM peoples living in cities also had a higher prevalence of PO use without a prescription or in unintended ways than the general population. Age differences were found in the prevalence of experiences of anti-Indigenous discrimination in the healthcare system by FNIM peoples living in cities, with younger people reporting more discrimination. Conclusion: RDS is a valuable sampling and statistical technique for examining the health of FNIM peoples living in urban areas in Ontario. Pooling data across OHC sites allows us to obtain a more precise, overall understanding of priority outcomes identified by the Indigenous community partners. Improved understanding allows community partners and decision makers actionable information to tailor programs and interventions to support the needs of Indigenous peoples and to be more effective in improving equity in the healthcare system.