YorkSpace

YorkSpace is York University's Institutional Repository. It supports York University's Senate Policy on Open Access by providing York community members with a place to preserve their research online in an institutional context.

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Recent Submissions

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    Devaluing personhood: The framing of migrants in the EU's new pact on migration and asylum
    (Wiley, 2024-02-13) Häkli, Jouni; Kudžmaitė, Gintarė; Kallio, Kirsi Pauliina
    The latest EU policy initiative to regulate migration to the European Union is called the New Pact on Migration and Asylum. Compared with previous policies, the New Pact promotes and normalises multiple procedures that can have far-reaching consequences on migrants' agency, dignity, personhood, and vulnerability. As the EU's migration and asylum policies set the parameters for the governance of forced migration and access to asylum in the Member States, they also provide framings for the practical encounters between asylum seekers and the migration regime. These framings legitimise certain approaches to the management of asylum migration and the related interpretations of international human rights treaties both in the Member States and in the EU. By examining how migrants and their encounters with the EU are discussed and represented in the New Pact, we join the critical scholarship that has questioned the EU's supposed turn towards a more humane approach to migration. Examining the official voice of the EU, we conduct a critical policy analysis with a focus on terminology and framing, exploring three major frames through which the New Pact characterises migrants as part of its attempt to transform European asylum and migration governance. These frames relate to human classification, spatial coordination, and temporal control, each of which is linked to the management of encounters between migrants and the migration regime. We conclude by discussing what the New Pact's framing reveals about the EU's approaches to human vulnerability, dignity, agency, and (de)valued personhood.
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    The European Union as a humanitarian border: the production of vulnerability in the New Pact on Migration and Asylum
    (Taylor & Francis, 2026-02-24) Häkli, Jouni; Peltonen, Noora
    This article critically examines the EU’s New Pact on Migration and Asylum through the conceptual lens of the ‘humanitarian border’, which captures the entanglement of care and control in migration governance. Analyzing European Commission documents, it shows how the Pact invokes humanitarianism while reinforcing securitized and exclusionary practices. Three mechanisms produce migrant vulnerability: migration securitization, selective categorization of care, and pressure to perform as the ‘deserving refugee’. These dynamics expose tensions in liberal democracies, where humanitarianism legitimizes restrictive border policies. The article contributes to debates on humanitarian bordering, showing how vulnerability operates as conditional rather than universal protection.
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    Multidimensional effects of conflict-induced violence on wartime migration decisions: evidence from Ukraine
    (Sage Journals, 2025-04-18) Kosyakova, Yuliya; Kogan, Irena; van Tubergen, Frank
    This study makes three key contributions to the literature on the effect of conflict-induced violence on wartime migration. First, while conflict-induced violence is often treated as a monolithic factor, we consider conflict-induced violence as multidimensional, varying in intensity, type and proximity. Second, by including both movers and stayers, we address the mobility bias prevalent in the literature and examine both mobility and immobility in the context of conflict. Third, we contribute to debates on destination choices by empirically testing the likelihood of internal displacement versus seeking refuge abroad. Using dynamic models and unique comparative data from the OneUA project, which surveyed 24,000 Ukrainian women in Ukraine and eight other European countries, we examine the migration behaviors of those who stayed in their pre-war residence, relocated internally (internally displaced persons), or fled abroad during the first 6 months of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Our findings reveal a curvilinear relationship between conflict-induced violence and migration propensity: violence initially increases migration but diminishes beyond a threshold. We also find that forewarnings and indirect threats have a stronger influence on migration than direct threats. Violence catalyzes migration among vulnerable groups, narrowing demographic disparities in migration propensity. However, resourceful individuals retain an advantage in early migration, perpetuating inequalities in escape opportunities. Additionally, we observe distinct patterns of internal versus international migration in response to stronger conflict-induced violence, providing theoretical and empirical insights into the dynamics of wartime migration.
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    Disability Inclusion in Humanitarian Crises: Robust Human Rights Norms?
    (Palgrave Macmillan, 2025-01-11) Funke, Carolin; Dijkzeul, Dennis
    This open access book studies disability inclusion in humanitarian crises. It addresses the challenges of recognizing and including persons with disabilities and indicates the degree to which disability is being mainstreamed in international law and humanitarian action. Further, it explores how international organizations have promoted a rights-based understanding of disability in international law, and to what extent this understanding has gained acceptance in humanitarian policy and practice. Theoretically, Funke and Dijkzeul explore the robustness of the disability inclusion norm cluster during processes of institutionalization, translation, and implementation. The book examines these processes from a multi-level perspective, which involves a variety of actors beyond states, including organizations of persons with disabilities. Situating their analysis within the literature on humanitarian action and development, the authors argue for an increased focus on processes “below” the international level in international relations and international law scholarship to better understand disability inclusion.
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    The Impact of Mandatory Human Rights and Environmental Due Diligence (mHREDD) on Canadian Competitiveness
    (Above Ground, 2026-02-18) Weber, Olaf
    This report analyzes the impact of mandatory Human Rights and Environmental Due Diligence (mHREDD) on Canadian competitiveness through a systematic review of academic and policy literature. It finds limited direct empirical evidence but identifies key mechanisms shaping competitiveness, including compliance costs, supply-chain restructuring, regulatory fragmentation, and governance design. Evidence suggests no systematic negative effects on firm profitability, while benefits include improved market access, investor confidence, and supply-chain resilience. Impacts are highly design-dependent, with leaders gaining advantages and smaller firms facing higher burdens. Overall, aligning Canada with global mHREDD regimes may enhance its position as a trusted and competitive trading partner.