2013/2014 collection

Permanent URI for this collection

https://hdl.handle.net/10315/31601

ETDs in this collection are being checked for completeness and are in the process of being transferred to their respective collections under the FGS ETD collection umbrella.

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Open Access
Dharma noise: parergonality in Zen Buddhism and non-idiomatic improvisation
Schnee, Daniel Paul; Sokol, Keith
The objective of this dissertation is to explore philosophical and practical approaches to the study of improvisation in relation to Japanese Zen Buddhist doctrine and aesthetics. It specifically asks whether free form (non-idiomatic) improvisation can be practiced, and Zen Buddhism's efficacy in establishing a structured regimen for technical study on a musical instrument. In order to complete this research objective, the historical development of Zen Buddhist doctrine and aesthetics is investigated and shown to be a non-unified rubric. Using the concept of the parergon, it is then demonstrated that practicing is an appropriate activity for improvisation when supplemented by the kata forms of Zen-influenced Japanese arts. The result of such supplementation in .this case takes the form of a series of original chromatic exercises developed as a paradigm that itself acts as a supplement to improvisation. The establishment of such a regimen also suggests further research into the topic of pedagogy and Shintoism as an aesthetic or theological supplement, as well as gender issues in creative performance.
Open Access
Tomorrow's Godly Americans: Citizenship Education and National Identity in Conservative Christian Homeschools
Butler, Jeffrey Ian; Erwin, Lorna; Bischoping, Kathy; Mykhalovskyi, Eric
"This dissertation examines citizenship discourse and national identity in conservative evangelical homeschools in the U.S. Using the Christian Home-Educators of Colorado (CHEC) as an ethnographic case study, it elucidates the role of evangelical homeschoolers in the managed construction of their children's political identities, putting forward an account of citizenship discourses that shows how they are produced, managed, taken up and contested through CHEC activities and homeschool teaching and learning.· The dissertation illuminates the role of civic discourses in the lives of homeschool parents endeavouring to shape their children into ""Christian-Americans"". Analyzing four data sources: interviews with CHEC homeschoolers and leaders (N=34), ethnographic observation of the 2009 CHEC conference, speeches delivered at the annual CHEC convention between 2004 and 2010 (N=22), and texts and materials from several organizations for conservative Christian youth geared towards civic · education, the dissertation hones in on the concept of ""world view"", an important category that CHEC homeschoolers actively construct. The two components of the ""conservative Christian nationalist worldview"" - one backward-looking and the other forward-facing - unite in the present. The dissertation explores how Christian homeschool parents pass this worldview on and build civic identity in their children through the social organization of citizenship education. It contends that evangelical home-educators draw on particular interpretations of history to establish membership and belonging. This national identity is constituted by responding to ""others"" who lie outside homeschoolers' political imaginary with discourses of ""contamination vs. purity"" and ""discernment"". Accomplished through meticulous social organization that combines deliberate role modeling, participation in certain activities, and the mobilization of specific discursive resources, homeschool parents shape their children into passionate citizens. Finally, the dissertation demonstrates how patriarchal discourses of gender tie into nationalist ideology, guiding gendered socialization and civic learning."
Open Access
Two weddings: an examination of the design process as applied to Blood Wedding and Vernasz
Walker, Lindsay C.; Przbylski, Teresa
The objective of this study was to examine the design process, and how it was affected when applied to the different forms of opera and theatre, using two specific examples as test subjects. To ensure homogeny between these subjects I chose Federico Garcia Lorca's play, Blood Wedding, and an operatic adaptation, Sandor Szokolay's Vernasz. Using my personal design process as a basis for study, I developed preliminary and final scenography, including scenery and costumes, for both pieces concurrently. These theoretical productions were designed for the Shaw Festival Court House Theatre and the Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts, respectively. The results revealed that, although scenographic decisions were influenced by factors exclusive to opera, theatre, and the selected theatres; the design process itself was unaffected.
Open Access
Top girls: conventional costumes and a digitized stage design
Spidell, Scott George; Kerwin, Shawn
Top Girls: Conventional Costumes and a Digitized Stage Design describes the process of designing the projected sets and traditional costumes for an intermedial production of Caryl Churchill's Top Girls. Intermediality in performance refers to a blending or fusion of differing media in a production. What this practical thesis intends to do is explore the possibility of marrying some of the new techniques of video projection mapping with the requirements of theatrical scenic and prop design, using a limited budget. The intent of this thesis is to demonstrate that a basic mapping overlay of set and props images over simple surfaces is easily attainable.
Open Access
A study of oral language use in a grade three classroom: implications of a systematic approach
Simpson Schwartz, Lisa; Bell, Jill
Oral communication is a vital component of the learning process. Research demonstrates that children benefit from engaging in oral interactions with their peers and, through such interactions, can co-construct knowledge and develop deeper understandings of issues being explored. Currently, however, it can be argued that talk is undervalued in our educational system and little effort is made to focus teaching in this area. The research outlined in this thesis explores the impact of a focus on oral communication skills in a grade 3 classroom. Making use of ongoing assessment and explicit instruction, a systematic approach to instruction was implemented, over a five month period, with tracking of both feasibility and effects. The intention was also to create a community of learners in the classroom, through students' increased use of collaborative, exploratory, and accountable talk. Interventions attempted to address both social and cognitive aspects of classroom talk. The results of the study demonstrate that the impact of the interventions was complex and appeared to be affected by the initial socio-cognitive profiles of the individual children involved. Discussion is provided of the implications of these results for various stakeholders.
Open Access
But is it really worth it? Examining the economic returns on higher education for Caribbeans and Latin Americans in the Greater Toronto Area
Rayne, Jessica Alina; Robson, Karen
My research analyzes the social mobility of Caribbean and Latin American ethnic groups by examining the economic returns on higher education for both groups in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Through quantitative data analysis of the 2006 Census Public Use Micro File (PUMF) I investigate both groups' attainment in higher education and the paid labour market. Both groups have struggled to attain upward social mobility in Canada evident by the high proportions living in poverty, as well as high rates of unemployment and precarious work. Studies have drawn attention to Caribbean and Latin American schooling experiences due to their high dropout rates. Nevertheless, systemic racism and discrimination have played major roles in hindering the advancement of these groups in Canada. Despite higher education being a prerequisite for more and more occupations in Canada, post-secondary education participation and attainment rates for both groups are low compared to the rest of the population. Using a critical race framework I examine how economic returns on human capital investment (post-secondary education) are influenced by ethnicity and gender. My findings reveal very encouraging relationships between Caribbean female group and higher education in Toronto. Despite being racialized, gendered, and predominantly from low-socioeconomic background this group yields the greatest economic return on university education attainment compared to all groups observed. With both groups having a high percentage of persons of younger age it is imperative to capture a clearer picture of both groups' returns on human capital acquisition and the impact it may have on successive generations.
Open Access
Wildlife, cattle, and people in the limpopo national park: a more-than-human political ecology of conservation-induced displacement and resettlement
Massé, Francis; Lundstrum, Elizabeth M.
"Established in 2001, the Limpopo National Park (LNP) in Mozambique joined South Africa's Kruger and Zimbabwe's Gonarezhou National Park a year later to form the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Park with the aim of creating a ""borderless"" mega park for wildlife. Like many conservation initiatives, communities living within the LNP have suffered negative consequences including a loss of access to land and resources, the destruction of livelihoods, human-wildlife conflict, and resettlement outside of park boundaries. Of particular importance to these processes is the place of nonhumans, namely wildlife and cattle - the most abundant animal species in the park. In this thesis I examine displacement of people and livestock from within the LNP and their resettlement elsewhere. Specifically, I tum the analytical lens towards wildlife and cattle to demonstrate how non-humans and the socio-material networks in which they are entangled are at the heart of understanding conservation-induced displacement and resettlement. "
Open Access
Spectrum of gluelumps containing various qcd colour-multiplet particles
Marsh, Kristen Alanna; Lewis, Randy
As experimental collider physics is able to access higher and higher energies, testable predictions are needed to guide the searches for new Beyond-the-Standard-Model the- ories. Most models predict new coloured particles, and these may form QCD bound states with Standard Model quarks and gluons. In particular, if the coloured parti- cles are from the octet, decuplet, 27-plet, 28-plet or 35-plet representation of SU(3), these colour-singlet bound states may occur just with Standard Model background (gluons and virtual quarks) without any valence quarks. Such states are referred to as gluelumps, and they are the focus of this work. Gluelumps arising from colour-octet particles have been studied previously, both in some analytic approximations as well as directly with lattice quantum chromodynamics, but not to the depth and com- pleteness presented here. Treatments of gluelumps containing larger colour-multiplet particles are novel to this work and represent pioneering research. Group theory foun- dations are laid for the study of all five of these colour representations on the lattice. A full spectrum is presented for octet-rep gluelumps with a detailed discussion of errors. The hierarchy of states agrees well with previous studies, but is much more complete and precise. The spectrum of decuplet gluelumps is also given, as well as preliminary results for the 27-plet and 35-plet. The results found here are published in Ref. [1] and predict clear experimental signatures and can be easily adapted to numerous different theoretic models of Beyond-the-Standard-Model physics.
Open Access
Testing for equivalence of group variances
Mara, Constance A.; Cribbie, Robert; Flora, David; Lalonde, Richard
"The purpose of this paper was to situate a test for equality of group variances within the equivalence testing framework. Even though difference-based procedures are appropriate to answer questions about differences in some statistic (e.g., means, variances, etc.), these procedures are not appropriate to address questions related to variance homogeneity. Thus, if a researcher is interested in evaluating the similarity of group variances, it is more appropriate to use a procedure specifically designed to determine equivalence. A simulation study was used to compare newly developed equivalence-based tests to currently recommended difference-based variance homogeneity tests under data conditions common in psychological research. The results of this study provided evidence regarding the problems with assessing equality of variances with traditional difference-based tests. Most notably, traditional difference-based tests assess equality of variances from the wrong perspective, encouraging researchers to ""accept"" the null hypothesis. The results also demonstrated that the newly developed Levene-Wellek- Welch test for equivalence of group variances using the absolute deviations from the median was the best-performing equivalence-based test statistic in terms of accurate Type I error rates and highest power for detecting equivalence across the conditions evaluated. In addition, the use of the Levene-Wellek-Welch median-based test was demonstrated with an applied example, and an R function was provided in order to facilitate use of this newly developed equivalence of group variances test. "
Open Access
There is a lion on the reef: the political ecology of the lionfish
Hall, Stefanie Jean; Rogers, Ray
The lionfish is a beautiful and enigmatic creature that has become a conservation priority for organizations that are committed to protecting coral reef ecosystems in the Caribbean. The management of the lionfish is the target of a variety of management strategies, such as the creation of a fishery, the commercialisation of the fish, and culling. This work will interrogate the discourse of framing the lionfish as an ecological threat and analyze the conservation priorities of Reef Check Dominican Republic, which are nested in a regional management plan. I will then critique the Conservation as Development project and the notion of sustainable livelihoods and illustrate how the overall management plan within La Caleta Marine National Park as a co-management strategy between the state and Reef Check DR are part of the projects of nation and empire building. This study will also draw attention to the assemblage of actors who have come together in the name of lionfish management, whose elite position in the conservation movement is accentuated by the power dynamics within the project.
Open Access
A score complete without themes: Henry Mancini and the frenzy experience
Wheeler-Condon, Patricia Clare; Coghlan, Michael
This dissertation examines the musical features of, and circumstances surrounding, the film score composed in 1971 by Henry Mancini for director Alfred Hitchcock's penultimate work, Frenzy. Mancini's music was rejected by Hitchcock, and replaced with a markedly different work written by British composer Ron Goodwin. A summation of characteristic traits emerging from Mancini's compositional style is herewith considered, as recurring features found in his thematic writing - aspects of melody, harmony, rhythm, timbre, and form - were most apparent to the non-musician film directors who engaged his services. This summation also includes an examination of the composer's dramatic underscore writing; an aspect of film music often overlooked in its minutiae by viewers and filmmakers alike, and, in the case of Mancini's Frenzy music, characteristic of his scores for Laslo Benedek's 1971 production, The Night Visitor, and Terrence Young's Wait Until Dark, from 1967. Mancini's Frenzy cue sheets, holograph, and recording were supplied by the composer's estate, allowing for an analysis which considers cue placement and length, systems of pitch and rhythmic organisation, aspects of arrangement and orchestration, and conducting and recording methods as practised by this composer. A comparison to the Goodwin score, reproduced by way of transcription from the film, is undertaken in order to explore aspects of filmic point-of-view as they play on the composer of its accompanying music, and to attempt a rationalisation of Hitchcock's displeasure with Mancini's music. Socio-cultural considerations pertaining to Mancini, Goodwin, and the three composer's most favoured by the director for his American productions - John Waxman, Dmitri Tiomkin and Bernard Herrmann - are included in a brief biographical study of each man, as are the musicological characteristics found in the work they undertook for Hitchcock; characteristics primarily of melodicism, and the subjection of melody-based thematic material to extensive modification and repetition. This work suggests that Mancini's admitted refusal, both in his 1987 autobiography Did They Mention the Music? and in subsequent interviews, to construct melodic themes as a unifying element within his score, opting instead to craft timbral unifiers through orchestration, was at the heart of his artistic conflict with Hitchcock.
Open Access
A systems approach to health, well-being and the environment: air pollution and Shanghai's elderly
Weedmark-Kish, Kaitlin Marie; Bunch, Martin; Ali, Harris; Ma, Jeremy
Using Soft Systems Methodologies (SSM) to transcend cultural boundaries in an open format, this paper examines the changes experienced by Shanghai's elderly in the context of health, well-being and the environment. Shanghai has undergone rapid urban transformation in the past three decades resulting in significant increases in cases of respiratory illness relating to environmental air pollution. Complex and non-linear issues have provoked a re-evaluation of traditional approaches to understanding real world problem situations. Systems thinking provides an epistemological foundation for methodologies that are holistic. A particular branch of systems thinking, SSM, highly values participant knowledge and provides techniques for examining this knowledge. However, the findings in this paper indicate that the participants believe health is not decreasing. Instead, a strong social hierarchy emerged demonstrating that the government heavily influences participant's opinions of the environment and their health. Additionally, overall increases in well-being are deemed as suitable tradeoffs for environmental degradation.
Open Access
Analysis and design of a wide dynamic range pulse-frequency modulation CMOS image sensor
Tsai, Tsung-Hsun; Hornsey, Richard
Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor is the dominant electronic imaging device in many application fields, including the mobile or portable devices, teleconference cameras, surveillance and medical imaging sensors. Wide dynamic range (WDR) imaging is of interest particular, demonstrating a large-contrast imaging range of the sensor. As of today, different approaches have been presented to provide solutions for this purpose, but there exists various trade-offs among these designs, which limit the number of applications. A pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) pixel offers the possibility to outperform existing designs in WDR imaging applications, however issues such as uniformity and cost have to be carefully handled to make it practical for different purposes. In addition, a complete evaluation of the sensor performance has to be executed prior to fabrication in silicon technology. A thorough investigation of WDR image sensor based on the PFM pixel is performed in this thesis. Starting with the analysis, modeling, and measurements of a PFM pixel, the details of every particular circuit operation are presented. The causes of dynamic range (DR) limitations and signal nonlinearity are identified, and noise measurement is also performed, to guide future design strategies. We present the design of an innovative double-delta compensating (DDC) technique which increases the sensor uniformity as well as DR. This technique achieves performance optimization of the PFM pixel with a minimal cost an improved linearity, and is carefully simulated to demonstrate its feasibility. A quad-sampling technique is also presented with the cooperation of pixel and column circuits to generate a WDR image sensor with a reduced cost for the pixel. This method, which is verified through the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation, saves considerable area in the pixel and employs the maximal DR that a PFM pixel provides. A complete WDR image sensor structure is proposed to evaluate the performance and feasibility of fabrication in silicon technology. The plans of future work and possible improvements are also presented.
Open Access
The effects of TMS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on multiple visual object memory across fixation and saccades
Tanaka, Leiko Lauren; Crawford, John Douglas
Trans-saccadic memory, the process by which the visual system maintains the spatial position and features of objects across eye movements, is thought to be a form of visual working memory (Irwin, 1991). It has been shown that TMS over the frontal and parietal eye fields degrades trans-saccadic memory of multiple object features (Prime et al., 2008, 2010). We used a similar TMS protocol to investigate whether dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is also involved in trans-saccadic memory. We predicted that performance would be disrupted similarly during either fixation or saccades. Instead, we found both task and hemisphere-dependent effects. During fixation, TMS over left DLPFC produced inconsistent effects, whereas TMS over right DLPFC reduced performance, consistent with its known role in working memory (Goldman-Rakic, 1987). In contrast, TMS over both sides of DLPFC enhanced trans-saccadic memory, suggesting a dis-inhibition of trans-saccadic processing. These results suggest that visual working memory during fixation and trans-saccadic memory may be supported by different, but interacting, neural circuits.
Open Access
The politics of intimacy: an ethnography of illegalized migrant women and their undocumented children in tel a viv, israel
Shapiro, Maya; James, Ryan; Grimes, Alicia; Mosher, Rhiannon
"This study of migrant women and their undocumented children in Tel Aviv, Israel is based on 13 months of ethnographic fieldwork spanning 2009 to 2011. It draws upon participant observation, as well as interviews and informal conversations, in order to describe and analyze the social and political patterns that emerged when migrant women from the Global South, who were employed as caregivers for the elderly through Israel's Foreign Worker Program, chose to become pregnant, give birth and settle in the city to which they migrated as so-called temporary workers. Using a public debate over the proposed deportation of 1,200 Israeli-born, but undocumented, children of migrant workers as a point of departure for this investigation, I asked how illegalized migrant women and their children were situated in political, economic and cultural terms in Tel Aviv despite the fact that they were never supposed to permanently live there. I found that far from existing on the margins of Israeli policies, laws, bureaucratic practices and social expectations, as may be assumed of people without legal status, illegalized migrant women and their undocumented children were, in fact, embedded in their very core. I use the term ""politics of intimacy"" to describe the daily interactions of illegalized women and their children with Israeli government offices, medical facilities, social and legal welfare institutions, employment agencies, popular media and individual citizens, arguing that intimacy is not just an interpersonal condition, but a socio-political one that encompasses the possibilities ofboth empowerment and exploitation. Following from Stoler's observation of the ""tense and tender ties"" (Stoler 2001) of colonial rule, I describe the paradoxical conditions that are generated when marginalized individuals are brought into an intimate relationship with the structures and ideologies of the place in which they live. Specifically, illegalized migrant women and their undocumented children in Tel Aviv live in states of ""permanent temporariness"", ""visible invisibility'' and ""inclusive exclusion"" as they come to constitute a ""privileged underclass"" that is simultaneously dependent on, and vulnerable to, intimate engagements with Israeli society."
Open Access
A Gulf Stream dream: a merging of steel pan orchestra and chamber orchestra
Rouse, André J.; Coghlan, Michael
The steel pan and its associated music were first intended to serve carnival and its revelers who would be parading around the streets of Trinidad & Tobago during carnival time. The tradition has progressed from a single instrument - a pan with two notes - into a steel pan orchestra that includes instrumental voices ranging from soprano to bass. The timbre of the instrument is directly affected when deciding how big or small of a note is desired. This will in turn effect the sound of music when mixing the steel pan with other instruments, whether it be another steel pan or an instrument from the brass or woodwind family. My intention is to begin to expand and modify the performance context and the acoustic and cultural spaces in which this instrumental ensemble has been located and contained.
Open Access
Autonomy, equality, and respect for difference: investigating principle-based approaches to technologically mediated reproductive contexts
Rinaldi, Jennifer; Halifax, Nancy; Mykituik, Roxanne; Katz Rothman, Barbara
The objective of this project will be to explore how the principles of autonomy, equality, and respect for difference are formulated and applied when disability diagnostic technologies affect women's reproductive decision-making. The author will use feminist disability theory and will engage legal research methodology in order to interpret and challenge those three principles as they are presented in both bioethics and jurisprudence. Specifically, the following questions will be explored: • • • Does reproductive autonomy lead to undue maternal responsibilities, especially in instances when disabilities can be or have been diagnosed? Are there tensions between reproductive autonomy and reproductive equality, specifically between reproductive autonomy on the one hand, and disability equality on the other? Does the (either implicit or explicit) assumption in bioethics and law that reproductive technologies be used for the purpose of disability de-selection reflect tensions between reproductive autonomy and equality on the one hand, and the principle of respect for difference on the other? This research will identify the principles at the heart of discourses and disagreements on reproductive decision-making in an effort to clarify how these principles are being conceptualized, to evaluate whether there is still use for a principle-based approach, and to consider what their best instantiations would look like.
Open Access
The development and use of translation competence by novice and experienced professional translators: implications for translation pedagogy
Reich, Mara
A case study has been carried out to explore translation as a process and the development and application of translation competence as the central skill in professional translation activity. As a review of the literature suggests, the analyzed empirical research on the translation process itself does not offer a definite answer on the link between translation competence and its significance for training professional translators. Understanding translator actions can shed more light on decision-making in the translation process and the interaction between internal and external support. Consequently, it can help build a competence-based curriculum, as a systematic approach to translator training. The research questions addressed by this study investigate the subcompetences that professional translators use when translating, the ways in which these subcompetences differ in novice and experienced translators and translators' perceptions about the use of subcompetences during the translation task. To investigate the research questions, this study draws on theories supporting an integrated concept of translation (considered as a textual, communicative, and cognitive activity), competency-based language theories and socio- constructivist theories. Twelve professional translators from two language combinations (English-Spanish/Spanish-English) participated in this case study by translating a short text, completing a pre- and post-translation questionnaire, and participating in an individual interview. Findings from this study may offer empirical evidence on the use of translation competence by professional translators at different stages in their career. Findings may also advance translation competence theories and competence-based curriculum design for translator training.
Open Access
Other choreographies: somatic practice, improvisation atild collaboration in the creation of new dance work
Pallomina, Beatrice Margot; Small, Holly
In this thesis, dance artist Bee Pallomina reflects on the creative process of three new choreographies: Field Guide, b side, and the understory. The three projects draw inspiration from the natural and material world, and the history and memory of geographical places - in particular, Toronto's Garrison Creek, the winter landscape of the prairies, and the understory of a forest. Pallomina's choreographic research explores techniques of somatic practice, improvisation and collaboration in the creation of new work. In these processes, dramaturgical frames are devised in which Pallomina and her collaborators experiment as creator-performers. They work with systems and scores, creating rigorous choreographies that also have room to change and shift in the moment. Deeply concerned with our impact on and connection with the world around us, Pallomina's work establishes a sense of deep listening, pursuing an intimate collaboration with performers and audience.
Open Access
Conference connections: identity, ideology and institutions in the congress of black women of canada (cbwc), 1973-2003
Mills, Jennifer; James, Carl
The Congress of Black Women of Canada (CBWC) is a social movement organization that has represented the interests of black women in this country for more than three decades at both the national and local level. While black Canadian feminist scholars have started to explore women's organizations, the CBWC's organizing efforts is missing from the feminist record. This study seeks to redress this gap by using an integrative black Canadian feminist synthetic and interpretive organizational model of movements to document the CBWC's identities, ideologies and institutions between 1973 and 2003. Focusing on its activities, this study uses organizational documents and semi-structured interviews with 22 organizational leaders and 5 rank-and-file members to analyze the CBWC's campaigns concerning discrimination, sexism, education, youth, immigration and the woman's movement. Given the CBWC's focus on black women and their families, understanding how its members used their identities, ideologies and institutions as critical categories to interpret their experiences is a particular concern. To this end, this study argues that the categories of identities, ideologies and institutions shapes the women's sense of themselves as mothers, activists, professionals and the CBWC's work against oppression. More importantly, at the heart of the CBWC's struggles for securing equality and social justice lay issues of great importance related to community development and social change. The data confirm four key findings. First, the conferences of the CBWC are mechanisms or vehicles for establishing the priorities for empowerment and authentic community engagement. In actual and symbolic terms the conferences seek to establish the priorities of identities, institutions and ideologies. Second, the findings indicate that identities are shaped by institutions. That is, black Canadian women's consciousness is influenced by the family, community organizations and their own respective woman's movement. Third, the findfogs show that institutions mediate the impact of ideologies on identities. Institutionalization is the objectification of the ideological, in terms of both its content and emotion, providing a place for the projection of the collective through the manifold, ever changing interpenetrations of culture and consciousness. By formalizing representations ambiguity becomes attenuated. Moreover, institutionalizing a movement affirms and extends the ability of members to self express and self- actualize. Indeed, institutions are particular ways of structuring and articulating experience. As this study argues, an institution is linked to ideologies. The institution becomes just as ideological as identity. Fourth, this study demonstrates that the relationship between identities and ideologies is filtered through organizational structures. As the organization becomes more institutionalized with formal rules, divisions of hierarchy, specialization of tasks, the movement is perceived as more embedded. Although the original mission and vision are still in place, the focus on that which brings black feminists into the organization is gradually attenuated. In time, this situation presents itself as an opportunity to reposition and return the movement to its base. Therefore, this work addresses a critical gap in the literature on black Canadian women's organizations.