Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs)

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Open Access
Generic on-board-computer hardware and software development for nanosatellite applications
(2012-11) Borschiov, Konstantin; Lee, Regina; Quine, Brendan
This study outlines the results obtained from the development of a generic nanosatellite on-board-computer (OBC). The nanosatellite OBC is a non-mission specific design and as such it must be adaptable to changing mission requirements in order to be suitable for varying nanosatellite missions. Focus is placed on the commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) principle where commercial components are used and evaluated for their potential performance in nanosatellite applications. The OBC design is prototyped and subjected to tests to evaluate its performance and its feasibility to survive in space.
Open Access
Towards an Ontology and Canvas for Strongly Sustainable Business Models: A Systemic Design Science Exploration
(2013-09-13) Upward, Antony; Johnston, David
An ontology describing the constructs and their inter-relationships for business models has recently been built and evaluated: the Business Model Ontology (BMO). This ontology has been used to conceptually power a popular practitioner visual design tool: the Business Model Canvas (BMC). However, implicitly these works assume that designers of business models all have a singular normative goal: the creation of businesses that are financially profitable. These works perpetuate beliefs and businesses that do not create outcomes aligned with current natural and social science knowledge about long term individual human, societal and ecological flourishing, i.e. outcomes are not strongly sustainable. This limits the applicability and utility of these works. This exploratory research starts to overcome these limitations: creating knowledge of what is required of businesses for strongly sustainable outcomes to emerge and helping business model designers efficiently create high quality (reliable, consistent, effective) strongly sustainable business models. Based on criticism and review, this research project extends the BMO artefact to enable the description all the constructs and their inter-relationships related to a strongly sustainable business model. This results in the Strongly Sustainable Business Model Ontology (SSBMO). To help evaluate the SSBMO a practitioner visual design tool is also developed: the Strongly Sustainable Business Model Canvas (SSBMC). Ontological engineering (from Artificial Intelligence), Design Science and Systems Thinking methodological approaches were combined in a novel manner to create the Systemic Design Science approach used to build and evaluate the SSBMO. Comparative analysis, interviews and case study techniques were used to evaluate the utility of the designed artefacts. Formal 3rd party evaluation with 7 experts and 2 case study companies resulted in validation of the overall approaches used and the utility of the SSBMO. A number of opportunities for improvement, as well as areas for future work, are identified. This thesis includes a number of supplementary graphics included in separate (electronic) files. See “List of Supplementary Materials” for details.
Open Access
Critically Evaluating the Role of the Judiciary in the Good Governance Paradigm: A Study of Pakistan
(2014-06) Muhammad Azeem; Ruth M Buchanan
In this dissertation, I critically evaluate the central role assigned to the judiciary in “the good governance” paradigm (as promoted by international institutions such as the World Bank), through a study of Pakistan. I argue that the paradigm’s focus on institutional arrangements/rearrangements, in order to produce a strong judiciary, judicial reforms, and to implement ‘the rule of law’, is problematic. I find, in contrast, and based on a detailed historical study of the different judicial regimes in the post-colonial era, that the judiciary is a part of the state, and has served to reproduce the state, in its democratic and military forms, as well as political and structural inequality in Pakistan. I document in detail how the judiciary increasingly gained autonomy in state power leading to result in what I term as a ‘judicial dictatorship’ by the 2000s. Through the thesis, I advance an alternative structural analysis of the state and institutional arrangements, using a class analysis and historical-contextual approach. My study argues that a strong (‘activist’) judiciary cannot be a substitute for a weak and inadequately representative legislature. The fallback position of the judiciary - in promoting a ‘rights’ discourse, or protection of minorities - is also an inadequate remedy for the lack of a deeper democracy in the society. My research in Pakistan contributes to the view that the role of the judiciary ultimately is to uphold political ends crafted elsewhere, rather than be seen as an agent to ‘cause’ political betterment. This study is based on most of the relevant case law in the post-colonial era, primary sources such as interviews, speeches, and judge’s monographs, as well as the available secondary material such as journal articles, books, and newspaper reports.
Open Access
Buffalo Death Mask
(2014-07-09) Hoolboom, Mike; Schwartz, Judith
The thesis essay has arrived in six parts. It opens with a discussion of my method, and closes with a detailed look at Buffalo Death Mask, the short digital movie I made in 2013 about AIDS. In between are a pair of what moviemakers like to call establishing shots. There are a couple of chapters on emotional establishing shots narrating fear and death. And there is a chapter that tries to approach the simple and complicated question of what artists might be doing when making experimentalist movies. Why all this need to trouble the form?
Open Access
AMP- Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activation for the Treatment of Mitochondrial Disease
(2014-07-09) Green, Alexander Edward; Hood, David A.
There are multiple copies of mtDNA per cell and each mtDNA molecule contains the information to encode 13 electron transport chain (ETC) proteins. When mtDNA is depleted, there is a decrease in ETC activity. 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a kinase that can initiate mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. We hypothesized that treating cells harbouring low numbers of mtDNA with an AMPK activator (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside; AICAR) would ameliorate the decrease in ETC activity and improve mtDNA copy number. We developed myoblasts (C2C12 cells) depleted of mtDNA with long-term ethidium bromide treatment. We treated selected clones for 24 hours with 1 mM AICAR to activate AMPK. AICAR treatment decreased markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial function (e.g. maximal cellular respiration), and mitochondrial degradation. Thus, failing to increase the energy producing capacity of the cell, activation of AMPK may have induced an energy sparing mechanism.
Open Access
Institutional Strategies and Factors that Contribute to the Engagement of Recent Immigrant Adult Students in Ontario Post-Secondary Education
(2014-07-09) Grabke, Sheldon Vaughn Richard; Axelrod, Paul D.; Theory of participation
The purpose of this study is to provide a unique investigation that yields vital data on barriers experienced by recent immigrant adult students (RIAS), the policies, practices and supports in PSE and their impact on RIAS engagement, and factors that contribute to the engagement of RIAS in Ontario PSE. This examination contributes to and furthers the student engagement in PSE literature by providing an original view into RIAS engagement in PSE. This dissertation involves qualitative and quantitative research methods including 18 key informant interviews, six focus groups, one interview and 434 survey responses as well as historical data, policies, procedures and artifacts at colleges and universities in Ontario. These different methodological attributes bring triangulation of sources and methods into the study. All of the data is analyzed using the student engagement conceptual framework. This study finds that PSE in Ontario seems to know little of the number, type, experiences and engagement of RIAS on campus. This research argues how and why the traditional model of engagement does not apply well to RIAS. Key findings include that RIAS are performing well academically in PSE despite the numerous barriers that they face and their lack of engagement. RIAS strong motivation to complete PSE and their inherent optimism is such that many persist to completion. One fundamental factor contributing to the lack of engagement for RIAS is their minimal social involvement in PSE. Using the findings, this dissertation provides numerous recommendations for changes to institutional policies and procedures to further RIAS engagement. Both academic and social engagement of RIAS in PSE significantly predict the hallmarks of a liberal education. This is a noteworthy reason for PSE to make an investment in the engagement of RIAS in Ontario PSE. This study therefore has implications for theory and practice in PSE in Ontario. Through developing creative ways to remove barriers and augment supports for RIAS in PSE, RIAS may begin to be more engaged in PSE. This noble endeavour can help RIAS more fully develop into engaged citizens and truly assist them in their settlement experience in Ontario.
Open Access
Goth Rhizomes: Queer Differences in Minor Gothic Literature
(2014-07-09) Holmes, Trevor Michael; Michasiw, Kim Ian
This project identifies three minor authors in three historical periods, applying deconstructive and queer theory to their writings and to their biographies. The resulting analysis traces gothic effects through other, more familiar texts and figures in order to bring about re-readings that disrupt certain monolithic understandings of literary and sexual identity over time. With a focus on gender transitivity and sexual dissidence, and the insights afforded by queer readings in which queer is framed as a verb, the analysis opens up ways of reading genre through the experimental theories of Deleuze and Guattari. Going beyond identifying major and minor gothic literature, I propose that we understand the literary gothic as a writing machine that produces goth-identified subjects. Tracing concepts like Minor Literature, Rhizome, Becoming-other, the Refrain, and the Body without Organs through fictional and life narratives from Charlotte Dacre, Percy Shelley, Count Eric Stenbock, and Poppy Z. Brite (Billy Martin), I suggest ways in which my reading of minor figures and their works has implications for how we might re-read works by major authors Jane Austen (Northanger Abbey) and Henry James (“The Jolly Corner”), and works by popular author Anne Rice (with a particular focus on the character Lestat and the later novel Tale of the Body Thief). Similar to the Foucauldian notion of the subject as simultaneously an effect of and a producer of discourse, the turn to Deleuze and Guattari requires a more explicit addressing of agency on the part of authors and readers. A micropolitics of the self through prose narrative is derived, as against a grand narrative of influence, filiation, and static sexual definition.
Open Access
Psychonalysis, Fantasy, Postcoloniality: Derivative Nationalism and Historiography in Post-Ottoman Turkey
(2014-07-09) Ercel, Erkan; Canefe, Nergis
Probably nowhere are the themes of tolerance and multiculturalism more prominently at display than in the recently flourishing literature on Ottoman religious-ethnic communities in Turkey, wherein Ottoman rule, particularly the Millet System of the 15th -17th centuries, is romanticized by Turkish nativist historiographers as a perfect model of peaceful coexistence distinguished by exemplary hospitality and multicultural tolerance toward the Other, the “minorities”, be they Jews, Armenians or Greeks. In this dissertation, I investigate the role of these nativist historians and their historiography in the recuperation of Turkish national imagery, as well as the pitfalls of this sort of remembrance. While doing so, I draw upon the psychoanalytically-inspired concept of fantasy and postcolonial theory to demonstrate how the fantasy of Ottoman tolerance as a melancholic attachment to the past deals with the empire’s loss by pointing to internal and external enemies as threats to the unity and coherence of the nation. Domestically speaking, this fantasy promises to bring back the golden age in as much as enemies new and old will be eliminated on the way to restoring the nation’s power. At the same time, this fantasy takes on an international significance as it captures the essence of the reaction to the European imperative: “you should become multicultural and liberal like us.” The fantasy of the Ottoman Tolerance beats its European Other at its own game by claiming: “we were already multicultural.” Seen in these terms, the analysis of the nostalgic literature on Ottoman peace can illuminate how the “Occident/Western” and “Oriental/Derivative” (i.e. the Ottoman and Turkish) formations of the national imaginary are constructed, remembered and contested in the contemporary Global South. In light of these discussions I will question the conditions and possibilities of the ethics of remembering the Empire, and of entertaining a different relationship to the past in contemporary politics in Europe and Turkey. The key concern of my work is then to inquire into alternative ways to remember the Empire without remaining trapped in the fantasy of Ottoman tolerance, or its obverse, the fantasy of Oriental/Ottoman Despotism.
Open Access
Presentness: Developing Presence Through Psychophysical Actor-Training
(2014-07-09) Ravid, Ofer; Levin, Laura
Abstract There is a variety of understandings of the notion of presence in theatre and performance studies as well as in the field of actor-training. Presentness, an aspect of presence, is the experience of the emerging here and now as shaped by the performer’s psychophysical engagement with his or her surrounding. It is, thus, a tangible aspect of presence that can be enhanced and developed through training. Presentness developed through training is an acting skill although it does not necessarily determine how actors act in terms of style or form. Rather, techniques of presentness are meant to develop and fine-tune the actor’s instrument as a psychophysical whole that can be used for any style and type of acting. This dissertation examines processes of developing presentness in the practice of three prevalent psychophysical acting techniques in North American actor-training: Viewpoints, Suzuki, and Lecoq. It is based on three years of practice-based research as participant and observer in various training sites with these techniques. Building on detailed descriptions of practiced moments accompanied by interviews and conversations with practitioners and teachers, various emerging manifestations of presentness are exposed to make a complex and deep understanding of this term. Using Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology alongside theories from the emerging field of cognitive neuroscience grounds the experiential accounts of ephemeral processes within concrete existing constructs of motility, perception, and cognition.
Open Access
Adorno, Hegel and the Philosophical Origins of Classical Social Theory
(2014-07-09) Fuller, Brian Wayne; Singer, Brian C J
The central claim of my dissertation is that the work of Theodor Adorno offers a valuable framework for reevaluating the philosophical heritage of classical social theory. In his ongoing engagement with the philosophy of German Idealism, and with Hegel in particular, Adorno’s philosophical, sociological, and cultural critical writings involve a critical rethinking of the relationship between subject and object, and between individual and society. I make two primary arguments to substantiate my claim. The first is that Adorno’s work must be understood within the context of the philosophy of Kant and Hegel. In particular, I show that Hegel’s critique of Kantian philosophy structures Adorno’s own understanding of the work of philosophy and of critical social theory. In the first part of the dissertation, I review the substance of Kantian epistemology, and of Hegel’s critique (Chapter 2); I then demonstrate that the Adorno’s critical philosophical procedure is grounded in his reading of Kant and Hegel (Chapter 3). My second primary argument is that Adorno’s attempt to articulate a critique of classical social theory is hampered by his own philosophical commitments. Through a juxtaposition of Marx’s critique of Hegel’s practical philosophy with Adorno’s own critique of Hegel (Chapter 4), I show that Adorno’s commitment to the negativity of the dialectic entails a conception of social theory that has not sufficiently addressed the implications of its materialist transformation. Adorno’s work relies upon a reduction of Hegel that remains problematic and unacknowledged. Next, I use a reading of Durkheim’s own philosophical commitments, through the lens of German Idealism, to show that Adorno’s immanent critique of Durkheim reproduces the aporiae that it seeks to rescue (Chapter 5). In the conclusion to the thesis (Chapter 6), I employ a discussion of the common themes and problems of Adorno’s critical-philosophical interpretation of classical social theory to suggest a reconsideration and renewal of its Hegelian heritage.
Open Access
Pivotal Crisis: State Power and Social Forces in the Making of Neoliberal Capitalism
(2014-07-09) Germann, Julian; Lacher, Hannes P.
The thesis uses original archival research to outline a novel account of social and world order change in the 1970s—from the collapse of Bretton Woods to the Reagan Revolution—that shifts the focus of explanation from the strategic vision and unilateral capacity of the US to determine outcomes to the pragmatic attempts of West German political and economic elites to cope with the crisis of post-war capitalism and to harness American power to this end. The main argument is that the parochial way in which German state managers sought to preserve the domestic compact between capital and labour prevented a more progressive and solidaristic resolution of the crisis and created the conditions for the neoliberal counterattack. Anxious to defend its export model against protectionism and inflation, German policy makers mobilized their country’s financial power to counter the interventionist and expansionary remedies of the European Left and to commit the United States in particular to monetary and fiscal discipline. While initially successful, this strategy proved self-defeating as it pushed the US into the Volcker interest rate shock that radically disinflated the world economy and ultimately undermined the basis for the German welfare state and its corporatist balance as well. The dissertation enriches and broadens our understanding of the origins of neoliberal globalization by focusing on an economically dominant state/society complex that is normally held to be inimical to the neoliberal onslaught. The crucial, but largely unintentional, German contribution challenges some of the critical accounts that see neoliberalism as an American imposition (Gowan 1999), a financial coup (Duménil and Lévy 2004), or an ideological conversion (Blyth 2002). My dissertation offers an alternative interpretation of the rise of neoliberalism as driven by a complex process of disembedding in which state power, class interests, and ideas are refracted through the prism of an interdependent world economy, and where the strategic and creative choices that some actors make to deal with the problems they confront reshape the range of options available to others.
Open Access
Rules of Disengagement: 'Low Skill' Migrant Workers, Law and the Social Dimensions of Exclusionary Inclusion
(2014-07-09) Jowett, Brendan Breckman; Rehaag, Sean
This thesis interrogates social exclusion among migrant workers under the NOC C & D (“low skill”) occupational stream of Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Program, a relatively new, fast-growing, and highly diverse stream which brings migrant workers into industry sectors and social settings where they were never seen before. The author develops a framework for understanding law’s role in producing social exclusion, and applies it to ethnographic data collected through interviews with migrant justice advocates and migrant workers in Brandon, Manitoba. This thesis ultimately establishes that migrant workers need not face spatial separation, discrimination from the community, or a historically gendered and racialized labour context in order to experience social exclusion; the author argues that social exclusion is legally constructed and that the legal framework of this program itself presents barriers to migrants’ full participation in the life of the communities in which they live and work.
Open Access
Positive Body Image Among Female Emerging Adults: A Mixed Methods Design
(2014-07-09) Norwood, Sarah Jane; Rawana, Jennine
Recent research has highlighted the importance of considering positive body image (e.g., Swami, Hadji-Michael, & Furnham, 2008) that is not simply the absence of negative body image, but also the extent to which one appreciates and accepts one’s body as a whole (Avalos et al., 2005). Using a mixed-methods design, I sought to better understand positive body image (PBI) by examining the individual strengths associated with PBI and how PBI may protect against depressive symptoms over time. Study 1 was a quantitative investigation examining groups of strengths and barriers among female emerging adults (EAs) to examine characteristics that are associated with PBI and how PBI may protect against depressive symptoms. Participants (N = 1,464) completed a battery of measures at Time 1 (Mage = 20.23, SDage = 2.32) and a subset of participants completed the same measures three months later at Time 2 (n = 215, Mage = 20.01, SDage = 2.26). Results of the latent profile analysis revealed distinct groups of female EAs who differed on their levels of strengths and barriers. As hypothesized, women who reported higher strengths and lower barriers had higher levels of PBI and, in turn, lower levels of depressive symptoms. Further, women who reported lower levels of strengths and greater barriers reported lower levels of PBI. These findings suggest that it is not just the absence of barriers, but also the presence of strengths that are associated with emotional well-being. Study 2 was a qualitative analysis of female EAs with PBI (n = 16, Mage = 20.94, SDage = 2.14) that was conducted to understand how female EAs with self-reported PBI describe their feelings towards their body and what strengths they identify as most important with respect to their overall self and their body. Women reported an overall appreciation and acceptance for their body. With respect to one’s overall self, women most frequently identified specific traits as their greatest strengths, and with respect to their body, women most frequently spoke of internal attributes. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for future mental health promotion and intervention programs.
Open Access
Red Mitchell: Tuning in Fifths and the Walking Bass Line
(2014-07-09) Bright, Stephen Thomas; Chambers, Mark
In 1966, Red Mitchell began tuning his bass in fifths to meet the demands of film composers who required a low C. Having played in fourths for approximately twenty years, Mitchell required only nine days to adapt to fifths tuning. This thesis examines the changes that fifths tuning had on his walking bass lines through the transcription, analysis and comparison of three blues from each of Mitchell's tuning periods. The analysis will probe changes in pitch, range, intervals and motives. Other chapters include a biography of Mitchell's career and one that discusses why he chose fifths. Included in this section are brief summaries of other bassists who have adopted fifths tuning. The chapter on bass line grammar discusses those elements that were affected when Mitchell changed tunings. The concluding chapter discusses the findings showing that tuning in fifths did have an effect on Red Mitchell's walking bass lines.
Open Access
"(Un) Privileged Embodiments of Femininity, (Un) Hegemonic Articulations of Desire: The Shifting Grounds of the New Veiling Trend in Jordan"
(2014-07-09) Abbas, Saba; Moghissi, Haideh
This dissertation examines the new veiling trend as it is embodied by Jordanian Muslim women. It approaches veiling in terms of being an experience of femininity and desire and unpacks its complex bodily implications. I place the emphasis on one of the trend’s increasingly popular manifestations in particular; namely, the fashionable veiling. By accentuating their bodies and actively engaging the male gaze, fashionably veiled women negotiate the Quranic and cultural limits of the practice and turn it into a fashion-based and desire affirming body project. In addition to engaging the embodiment of the practice, the dissertation explores its shifting conceptualization and the discourses that shape the different forms of Muslim femininity in the country. Alongside Muslim veiling, the dissertation examines Muslim non-veiling as another important constituent of the project of Muslim femininity in Jordan. By exploring Muslim veiling and non-veiling simultaneously, the research draws attention to the interconnectedness of these body projects and underscores the stakes and contingent privileges that accompany a woman’s decision to embody one but not the other. To explore these aspects, I used the theoretical frameworks of Smith, Foucault, Butler, and Mahmood among others and conducted one-to-one semi-structured in-depth interviews with fifteen veiled and non-veiled Jordanian Muslim women. Starting from the participants’ narratives, I argue that the forms of veiling that are gaining hold in Jordan challenge the Quranic conceptualization of the practice as well as the hegemonic expressions of desire in Islam, but only to a limited extent. While transgressive, these forms reinforce the structures that stand behind the practice and do not disrupt the sexual politics embedded in it.
Open Access
A Comparative Study of Patent Infringement Remedies Related to Non-Practicing Entities in the Courts of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States
(2014-07-09) Nikolic, Aleksandar; Mgbeoji, Ikechi M. C.
This work examines the scope of non-practicing entity behavior and whether the debate on remedies can lead to changes that encourage the goals behind a patent system. Innovation is often the stated goal but the significance of innovation commercialization is often ignored. Furthermore, there has been an increase in business models that involve alternate means of monetizing patents, not all of which were contemplated in the purpose of the patent system. Using the goals of the patent system as a backdrop, this work provides an overview of the impact of remedies available to courts in Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States on patent systems. The courts have the tools in each jurisdiction to grant remedies appropriate to the infringement. However, systemic limitations in each patent system often prevent the courts from reviewing disputes.
Open Access
Kewekapawetan: Return After the Flood
(2014-07-09) Dysart, Jennifer Faye Leigh; Hoffman, Philip J
The people of South Indian Lake Manitoba are slowly leaving behind a long period of social crisis brought on by the damming of their namesake lake in the 1970’s. The environmental devastation still exists, but the community returns to their original village site once a year for a gathering called Kewekapawetan, meaning “going back” or “looking back” in the Cree language. My film documents my interactions with family members at this gathering in 2008, and uses archival and found footage spanning fifty years, to show how this yearly event represents a positive cultural change for the community. As the filmmaker, I am not only documenting these subtly monumental events; I am also tracing my own disconnected personal history to this place. Central to the story is my father’s unwillingness to return to his family home that he left a long time ago, and my own desire to forge new bonds with this “home” where I have never resided. For the community, revisiting the place where our grandparents lived brings hope for the future after a long period of despair. In parallel, my film documents my personal hope that I will be one day be able to unite my family.
Open Access
Operation Untitled
(2014-07-09) Demers, Joshua Andrew; Buchbinder, Amnon
Operation Untitled is a screenplay exploring the self-empowerment of the individual against the socio-political and religious forces that inform the hierarchy of a Catholic high school. The protagonist, Peter Charles who becomes known by the moniker “the Prophet,” is a hard-working student from a lower class background who’s infatuated by his school and society’s promise that hard work = success. When he learns that he loses a life-changing scholarship simply because the recipient, “the Golden Boy” Richard Harding, has influence, his faith in this system is shattered. His subsequent journey of rebellion creates a school-wide revolution and with the power it brings him, the Prophet has a fateful decision: to replace Richard as “the Golden Boy” or to break the cycle of this broken system forever.
Open Access
Synthesis of Electron Deficient N-heterocyclic-carbenes and Activity of Imidazol-2-imine Thioureate Ligand on Group 10 Transition Metals
(2014-07-09) Harkness, Michael Byron; Lavoie, Gino G
Previous work in the Lavoie group has resulted in the synthesis of new imidazol-2-imine ligands that have low activity towards ethylene polymerization due to their electron rich nature. In an attempt to alleviate this an electron poor naphthalene-1,4-dione-IMes imidazol-2-imine ligand (L) was synthesized in 90% yield (14a) and coordinated to titanium (LTiCpCl2, 15). The resulting complex successfully polymerizes ethylene at a rate of 75 kg PE mol catalyst–1 h–1. A separate study focused on the coordination of functionalized imidazol-2-imine thioureate ligands (L’) to late transition metal. Three complexes were synthesized. Ni(methylallyl)L’ (7), Pd(allyl)L’ (8), and NiL’2 (9) were isolated in 85, 85, and 61% yields, respectively and all spectroscopically characterized. The X-ray crystallographic structure of 9 shows the unexpected N^S binding mode for the ligand. Complexes 7 and 8 have sparing activity towards ethylene polymerization, neither having productivity above 2 kg PE mol–1 h–1.
Open Access
"Talking About Down There": The Development of a Public Discussion of Cervical Cancer in the Twentieth Century
(2014-07-09) Hadenko, Mandy Lee; Rutherdale, Myra
This dissertation emerged from personal and political concerns and aims to fill a historiographical lacuna. This thesis is a study of how Canadian women learned about cervical cancer and its prevention in the twentieth century. In particular, this thesis seeks to understand how, when and in what forms did a public discussion of cervical cancer prevention develop in late twentieth century Canada. Cervical cancer is significant in terms of its place in disease history. When discovered in the pre-cancerous stage, cervical cancer is quite preventable. Since the 1960s, the medical community has been aware that Pap smears can be used to recognize pre-cancerous lesions and that deaths from cervical cancer were avoidable. Its uniqueness as a “preventable” cancer provides an example of the relationship between scientific knowledge, public health, and popular practice. The public dialogue about cervical cancer prevention, I argue, was complex. There were numerous groups that were part of this public discussion including medical doctors, the medical profession, medical educators, women’s health activists, women’s organizations, newspapers, women’s press, individual women and support groups, and the municipal, provincial and state agencies. This thesis demonstrates that while dialogue among these historical actors was rarely in conflict, tensions did emerge as medical practitioners, women’s health activists and public health officials debated how best to link biomedical knowledge with preventive health policies.