Global Leadership Effectiveness: A European Perspective

International companies often employ managers in cross-cultural contexts. A cross-cultural study was done to better understand how to increase the global leadership effectiveness of European international managers, when considering personality traits, dynamic cross-cultural competencies, and cross-cultural experiences. The study found that European managers considered for international assignments should be carefully selected based on personality traits (attention should be paid to extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and neuroticism) and trained to develop their dynamic cross-cultural competencies, in particular tolerance of ambiguity and cultural flexibility.