Dukkha: In Light of Buddhism Examining Spirituality, Materiality, Symbolism, and Time in the Film Entitled Dukkha

This thesis exhibition, How Calm the Ocean, features my long-term video project, Dukkha, along with a large-scale sand hill installed in the Special Project Gallery at York University.1 In Buddhism, suffering is one of the four noble truths that an individual cannot avoid in life. There are eight sufferings: birth, aging, sickness, death, separation of the loved one, denial of ones desire, the long-lasting and unpleasant, and over-reliance on five aggregates.