A comprehensive review of tactile sensing technologies in space robotics

Abstract

This review explores the current state and future prospects of tactile sensing technologies in space robotics, addressing the unique challenges posed by harsh space environments such as extreme temperatures, radiation, microgravity, and vacuum conditions, which necessitate specialized sensor designs. We provide a detailed analysis of four primary types of tactile sensors: resistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and optical, evaluating their operating principles, advantages, limitations, and specific applications in space exploration. Recent advancements in materials science, including the development of radiation-hardened components and flexible sensor materials, are discussed alongside innovations in sensor design and integration techniques that enhance performance and durability under space conditions. Through case studies of various space robotic systems, such as Mars rovers, robotic arms like Canadarm, humanoid robots like Robonaut, and specialized robots like Astrobee and LEMUR 3, this review highlights the crucial role of tactile sensing in enabling precise manipulation, environmental interaction, and autonomous operations in space. Moreover, it synthesizes current research and applications to underscore the transformative impact of tactile sensing technologies on space robotics and highlights their pivotal role in expanding human presence and scientific understanding in space, offering strategic insights and recommendations to guide future research and development in this critical field.