Enduring Displacement, Enduring Violence: Camps, Closure, and Exile In/After Return (Experiences of Burundian Refugees in Tanzania)

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dc.contributor.advisorHyndman, Jennifer M.
dc.contributor.authorWeima, Yolanda Melody
dc.date.accessioned2023-03-28T21:17:45Z
dc.date.available2023-03-28T21:17:45Z
dc.date.copyright2022-11-29
dc.date.issued2023-03-28
dc.date.updated2023-03-28T21:17:44Z
dc.degree.disciplineGeography
dc.degree.levelDoctoral
dc.degree.namePhD - Doctor of Philosophy
dc.description.abstract“Return home” was the joint message by the Burundian and Tanzanian presidents in 2017, just two years after hundreds of thousands Burundians were recognized as refugees in neighbouring countries, and as more continued to seek refuge or asylum each month. In Tanzania, where refugees are subject to strict encampment, the vast majority of Burundian refugees had previously been refugees at least once before. Many returned to Tanzania less than three years after their prior return to Burundi, which, as camps were closed, had been framed as a “durable solution” to their displacement. This thesis explores the interrelated dynamics of enduring displacement, encampment, and closure, by drawing on life history research with Burundian refugees in two camps in Tanzania (2017-8), as well as semi-structured interviews with government and humanitarian staff, and ethnographic methods. Empirically, this dissertation contributes to knowledge by tracing the diverse prior trajectories of current Burundian refugees, both within and beyond camp boundaries, challenging there-and-back-again geographical imaginary of refuge management. It highlights an understudied but constitutive aspect of camps—their ultimate closures—by recounting refugees’ memories of the violent closure of Mtabila camp, as well as its fearful afterlives and present-presence. The violence of past camp closure is part of the violence of current encampment due to its evocation as a a disciplinary dispositif to “encourage” return, threatening and anticipating future violence. State and humanitarian practices “close” and harden space for those deemed “undesirable,” through forced encampment, camp closures, and coerced or forced return. In so doing, they produce and prolong displacement, in which varied spatio-temporalities of violence endure. Burundian refugees’ life histories thus trace the ways displacement endures, and is endured.
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10315/40996
dc.languageen
dc.rightsAuthor owns copyright, except where explicitly noted. Please contact the author directly with licensing requests.
dc.subjectGeography
dc.subjectAfrican studies
dc.subject.keywordsRefugees
dc.subject.keywordsForced migration
dc.subject.keywordsCamps
dc.subject.keywordsCamp closures
dc.subject.keywordsBurundi
dc.subject.keywordsTanzania
dc.subject.keywordsDisplacement
dc.subject.keywordsViolence
dc.subject.keywordsPolitical violence
dc.subject.keywordsRefugee camps
dc.subject.keywordsRecurrent refuge
dc.subject.keywordsDurable solutions
dc.subject.keywordsProtracted refugee situations
dc.subject.keywordsBiopolitics
dc.subject.keywordsTemporality
dc.subject.keywordsTemporality of violence
dc.subject.keywordsTemporality of displacement
dc.subject.keywordsBurundian refugees
dc.subject.keywordsPRS
dc.subject.keywordsRefugee return
dc.subject.keywordsRefugee repatriation
dc.subject.keywordsSovereign power
dc.subject.keywordsAfrican displacement
dc.subject.keywordsGreat Lakes region
dc.subject.keywordsAfrican GreatLlakes
dc.subject.keywordsEnduring
dc.subject.keywordsEndurance
dc.subject.keywordsEndure
dc.subject.keywordsEnduring displacement
dc.subject.keywordsExtended exile
dc.subject.keywordsExile
dc.subject.keywordsEnduring exile
dc.subject.keywordsTheories of violence
dc.subject.keywordsTheories of displacement
dc.subject.keywords1972 genocide
dc.subject.keywordsBurundian genocide
dc.subject.keywordsFear
dc.subject.keywordsEmotional geographies
dc.subject.keywordsCamp governance
dc.subject.keywordsPetty sovereigns
dc.subject.keywordsTransnational displacement
dc.subject.keywordsLife history
dc.subject.keywordsRefugee narratives
dc.subject.keywordsCamp research
dc.subject.keywordsCamp methodologies
dc.subject.keywordsCamp afterlives
dc.subject.keywordsColonial durabilities
dc.subject.keywordsFeminist research ethics
dc.subject.keywordsFeminist political geography
dc.subject.keywordsRefugee geopolitics
dc.subject.keywordsFeminist geopolitics
dc.subject.keywordsRefugee-centric research
dc.titleEnduring Displacement, Enduring Violence: Camps, Closure, and Exile In/After Return (Experiences of Burundian Refugees in Tanzania)
dc.typeElectronic Thesis or Dissertation

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