Deeper Understanding: Addressing Methodological Constraints and Ethical Implications of Humanitarian Needs Assessments Using Natural Language Processing

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dc.contributor.advisorOrbinski, James
dc.contributor.authorKreutzer, Tino
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-04T15:13:42Z
dc.date.available2023-08-04T15:13:42Z
dc.date.issued2023-08-04
dc.date.updated2023-08-04T15:13:42Z
dc.degree.disciplineHealth
dc.degree.levelDoctoral
dc.degree.namePhD - Doctor of Philosophy
dc.description.abstractHumanitarian needs assessments (HNAs) are essential for prioritizing and informing the provision of humanitarian assistance. Data for HNAs are commonly collected using computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) tools. However, the transcription and translation of qualitative interview responses during a humanitarian crisis is challenging to conduct rapidly and at scale. This has led to calls for deploying natural language processing (NLP), a type of artificial intelligence (AI), to enhance CAPI tools. Despite this, data on current methodological HNA practices and issues, as well as the risks to affected populations or organizations providing humanitarian assistance due to data processing, including AI use, are not well understood. This manuscript-based study employed a three-stage mixed-methods Design Science Research approach to inform the design and empirical evaluation of new features for KoboToolbox, a CAPI tool supported and used by humanitarian organizations, to systematically transcribe and translate answers to open-ended questions (OEQ) from HNA interviews. The first stage involved conducting interviews with international key informants (KIs) to explore current approaches to HNA and constraints related to different interview methods. Findings from interviews with 23 KIs from 13 countries revealed 47 themes. The second stage comprised a scoping review to map the range of ethical issues raised in academic literature concerning the processing of data from people affected by humanitarian crises. The scoping review identified 100 relevant studies after screening 8,387 papers, resulting in 22 themes. In the third stage, new KoboToolbox software features were designed and implemented based on a user-centered design approach, with usability testing conducted using observations and feedback from test users. Themes from stages 1 and 2 were used to inform the iterative design and software implementation process, which was validated through feedback from 14 test users from 10 countries. User testing demonstrated strong support for the applicability and usability of the new features, and the results were used to identify and address several usability issues in the software. The tool resulting from this research meets professional requirements and can now be readily deployed by humanitarian organizations worldwide to systematically transcribe, translate, and analyze answers to OEQs from HNA interviews.
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10315/41345
dc.languageen
dc.rightsAuthor owns copyright, except where explicitly noted. Please contact the author directly with licensing requests.
dc.subjectPublic health
dc.subjectDesign
dc.subjectEthics
dc.subject.keywordsHumanitarian assistance
dc.subject.keywordsHumanitarian response
dc.subject.keywordsDisaster response
dc.subject.keywordsEmergency response
dc.subject.keywordsGlobal health
dc.subject.keywordsPublic health
dc.subject.keywordsHumanitarian needs assessments
dc.subject.keywordsComputer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI)
dc.subject.keywordsNatural language processing (NLP)
dc.subject.keywordsArtificial intelligence (AI)
dc.subject.keywordsKoboToolbox
dc.subject.keywordsOpen-ended questions
dc.subject.keywordsDesign science research
dc.subject.keywordsEthics
dc.subject.keywordsUser-centered design
dc.subject.keywordsUsability testing
dc.subject.keywordsTranscription
dc.subject.keywordsTranslation
dc.subject.keywordsInnovation
dc.subject.keywordsDesign
dc.subject.keywordsComputer science
dc.titleDeeper Understanding: Addressing Methodological Constraints and Ethical Implications of Humanitarian Needs Assessments Using Natural Language Processing
dc.typeElectronic Thesis or Dissertation

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