The impact of tie line capacity on the energy planning of the multi-lateral grid by considering Bi-facial PV

Abstract

The global energy landscape faces the pressing challenges of resource scarcity and environmental degradation due to fossil fuel dependency. This study investigates the integration of Bi-facial Photovoltaic (BPV) panels within a multi-lateral grid framework, emphasizing their impact on cost, profit, and pollution. By employing a multi-objective optimization approach, the problem is modeled as Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) and solved using GAMS with advanced solvers like CPLEX and Baron. Four distinct scenarios are analyzed to evaluate the proposed energy strategy. The findings highlight the substantial benefits of BPV integration, demonstrating optimized values: a total cost of $19.751, a profit of $270.628, and a pollution level of 1003.268 kg. Furthermore, increasing tie line capacity significantly enhances economic outcomes without compromising environmental standards, yielding a recalibrated profit of $44.269 for building 1, a reduced cost of $265.671 for building 2, and a maintained pollution level. These results underscore the critical role of grid infrastructure optimization in balancing economic efficiency and sustainability. This research provides a novel perspective on renewable energy planning, showcasing BPV panels as a cost-effective, environmentally advantageous solution. It also highlights the strategic importance of enhancing transmission infrastructure to improve economic returns while maintaining ecological responsibility. The insights presented offer a robust framework for academics, policymakers, and industry stakeholders, advancing sustainable energy system optimization and long-term energy resilience.