Assessing Geographic Context in Relation to Public Transit Experience in Toronto

Abstract

This research examines how geographic context affects residents’ experiences with public transit in Toronto, with a focus on equity, accessibility, and social sustainability. Using the theoretical lens of the Right to the City, this study investigates the lived experiences of transit users across three distinct sites: Bloor-Yonge Station in the downtown Toronto core, York University Station in North York, and Kennedy Station in Scarborough. These locations represent diverse socio-economic and demographic contexts within the city. Using a qualitative methodology, this research combines participant observation with open-ended questionnaires to explore how service reliability, accessibility, safety, and first- and last-mile connections vary across neighbourhoods and influence transit use. Findings revealed systemic inequities in the quality, reliability, and convenience of transit service, disproportionately affecting marginalized groups such as low-income, racialized, and disabled riders, particularly in suburban areas. While downtown riders face overcrowding and wayfinding challenges, users in North York and Scarborough experience longer travel times, infrequent service, and inadequate infrastructure. This study emphasizes the importance of transit planning that considers geographic context and the diverse needs of users to promote equitable transit usage and social sustainability. Insights from this research can inform more inclusive and effective transit policies that better serve the needs of each community in Toronto.