Tracking the Dispersal of the Endangered Eastern Prickly Pear Cactus (Opuntia cespitosa) by Animal Vectors in Canada

Opuntia cespitosa is an endangered cactus with only one substantive population in Point Pelee National Park (PPNP), Canada. Staff observations at the Park include that many cactus fingerlings (young Opuntia seedlings) appeared in sites frequented by the Eastern Wild Turkeys. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of seed dispersal by wild turkeys and other animals at PPNP, and to identify the primary seed dispersers. We used trail cameras, analyzed wild turkey scats, and examined fingerlings to determine potential seed dispersers from August to October 2020. Migrating birds were the most frequent visitors at cactus sites, followed by rabbits and wild turkeys. We conclude that while wild turkeys consume and disperse cactus seeds, the seeds are not necessarily preferred by them in their diet. This research has important implications for O. cespitosa’s reproduction and potential genetic variability and can be used to inform Park managers about conservation strategies for this species.