Sex Difference of Pre- and Post-Natal Exposure to Six Developmental Neurotoxicants on Intellectual Abilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Studies

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dc.contributor.advisorTill, Christine
dc.contributor.authorGoodman, Carly Victoria
dc.date.accessioned2023-10-03T20:07:13Z
dc.date.available2023-10-03T20:07:13Z
dc.date.issued2023-01
dc.date.updated2023-10-03T20:07:12Z
dc.degree.disciplinePsychology(Functional Area: Clinical-Developmental)
dc.degree.levelMaster's
dc.degree.nameMA - Master of Arts
dc.description.abstractObjective: To examine sex-specific effects of exposure to developmental neurotoxicants on IQ in a systematic review and meta-analysis. Method: We screened abstracts published before December 31, 2021, for empirical studies of six neurotoxicants (lead, mercury, polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organophosphates, and phthalates) that (1) used an individualized biomarker; (2) measured exposure during the prenatal period or before age six; and (3) provided effect estimates on general, nonverbal, and/or verbal IQ by sex. We performed separate random effect meta-analyses by sex with subgroup analyses by neurotoxicant. Results: Fifty-one studies were included in the systematic review and 22 in the meta-analysis. Prenatal exposure to neurotoxicants was associated with decreased general and nonverbal IQ in males, especially for lead. No significant effects were found for females or verbal IQ. Conclusion: During fetal development, males may be more vulnerable than females to general and nonverbal intellectual deficits from neurotoxic exposures, especially from lead.
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10315/41451
dc.languageen
dc.rightsAuthor owns copyright, except where explicitly noted. Please contact the author directly with licensing requests.
dc.subjectPsychology
dc.subjectNeurosciences
dc.subjectEpidemiology
dc.subject.keywordsDevelopmental neurotoxicity
dc.subject.keywordsPrenatal
dc.subject.keywordsPostnatal
dc.subject.keywordsIntellectual abilities
dc.subject.keywordsNeurodevelopment
dc.subject.keywordsToxic chemicals
dc.titleSex Difference of Pre- and Post-Natal Exposure to Six Developmental Neurotoxicants on Intellectual Abilities: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Studies
dc.typeElectronic Thesis or Dissertation

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