DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF POLYESTER-BASED BIO-BASED ADHESIVE REINFORCED BY CHITIN NANOWHISKERS

Abstract

This thesis investigates the potential of chitin nanowhiskers (CNWs), a renewable bio-based nanomaterial, to enhance a commercial polyester (PE) resin (Bondo® Fibreglass Resin). Compared to epoxy systems, which are associated with sensitization, respiratory, and dermatological hazards during processing, polyester resins present comparatively fewer health risks, making them a suitable platform for sustainable adhesive development. The influence of CNW content, processing conditions, and dispersion methods was studied with respect to mechanical strength, adhesion, and thermal stability. Low CNW loadings (0.25–0.50 wt.%) improved strength, ductility, and heat resistance, while higher amounts led to clustering and reduced performance. Moderate heating improved dispersion and properties, whereas prolonged low-temperature processing weakened them. Among dispersion approaches, ethanol offered the most balanced improvements, while dry mixing gave stability but weaker interfacial bonding. Overall, the findings demonstrate that optimizing CNW incorporation can significantly improve polyester resin adhesives, supporting the development of stronger, tougher, and more sustainable alternatives to conventional materials.