Measurement and Assessment of Health Outcomes, Body Composition, and Physical Activity in Obesity

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dc.contributor.advisorKuk, Jennifer
dc.contributor.authorRandhawa, Arshdeep
dc.date.accessioned2019-11-22T18:52:55Z
dc.date.available2019-11-22T18:52:55Z
dc.date.copyright2019-08
dc.date.issued2019-11-22
dc.date.updated2019-11-22T18:52:54Z
dc.degree.disciplineKinesiology & Health Science
dc.degree.levelDoctoral
dc.degree.namePhD - Doctor of Philosophy
dc.description.abstractIt is yet unknown how obesity relates with temporal changes in health outcomes and how it influences the assessment of body composition and physical activity (PA). The first study of this thesis determined that the obesity-associated health outcomes including hypertension and dyslipidemia have decreased over the last 15 years while there was an increase in general and abdominal obesity (p<0.05). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased only in women with general or abdominal obesity (BMI*time; WC*time, p<0.05). There may be other temporal changes that have altered how obesity relates with health risks. The second study of this thesis determined the importance of the commonly held BIA assumptions related to hydration level and fluid distribution in the assessment of body fat (%BF). The results showed that there were no differences in the %BF values between the control and dehydration, exercise, water and/or food intake, & non-voided bladder test conditions (-1.9 to 0.4%, p >0.05). Further, no differences in %BF between control and test conditions were observed by weight status (overweight: -2.8 to 0.1% and normal weight: -1.7 to 0.5%; BMI*trial, p=0.99). The minor variations in %BF are smaller than what would be expected with weight loss interventions and are similar to reported day-to-day variations in BIA. Lastly, the third study of this thesis explored differences in objectively measured PA after accounting for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass because these variables may influence the relative workload of a given PA intensity. After accounting for CRF, the individualized cut-offs were higher than the standard cut-offs, wherein men with obesity have lower counts per minute (CPM) values than men without obesity (4004 497 CPM versus 5589 372 CPM, p <0.05). Whereas, there was no difference in women by obesity status (p > 0.05). However, there were no differences in the PA volume by obesity status with either standard or individualized cut-offs (p >0.05). Despite using individualized CPM cut-offs, the PA durations remained similar between those with (28.8 20.3 minutes/day) or without obesity (16.0 16.6 minutes/day) (p=0.18). Thus, PA performed by individuals with obesity may be under measured when assessed by current objective measures. Since some of the obesity associated health outcomes have decreased over time, targeted efforts may be needed to better define obesity and its health consequences. Further, better measures of PA are also needed for individuals with obesity.
dc.description.abstractIt is yet unknown how obesity relates with temporal changes in health outcomes and how it influences the assessment of body composition and physical activity (PA). The first study of this thesis determined that the obesity-associated health outcomes including hypertension and dyslipidemia have decreased over the last 15 years while there was an increase in general and abdominal obesity (p<0.05). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has increased only in women with general or abdominal obesity (BMI*time; WC*time, p<0.05). There may be other temporal changes that have altered how obesity relates with health risks. The second study of this thesis determined the importance of the commonly held BIA assumptions related to hydration level and fluid distribution in the assessment of body fat (%BF). The results showed that there were no differences in the %BF values between the control and dehydration, exercise, water and/or food intake, & non-voided bladder test conditions (-1.9 to 0.4%, p >0.05). Further, no differences in %BF between control and test conditions were observed by weight status (overweight: -2.8 to 0.1% and normal weight: -1.7 to 0.5%; BMI*trial, p=0.99). The minor variations in %BF are smaller than what would be expected with weight loss interventions and are similar to reported day-to-day variations in BIA. Lastly, the third study of this thesis explored differences in objectively measured PA after accounting for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass because these variables may influence the relative workload of a given PA intensity. After accounting for CRF, the individualized cut-offs were higher than the standard cut-offs, wherein men with obesity have lower counts per minute (CPM) values than men without obesity (4004 497 CPM versus 5589 372 CPM, p <0.05). Whereas, there was no difference in women by obesity status (p > 0.05). However, there were no differences in the PA volume by obesity status with either standard or individualized cut-offs (p >0.05). Despite using individualized CPM cut-offs, the PA durations remained similar between those with (28.8 20.3 minutes/day) or without obesity (16.0 16.6 minutes/day) (p=0.18). Thus, PA performed by individuals with obesity may be under measured when assessed by current objective measures. Since some of the obesity associated health outcomes have decreased over time, targeted efforts may be needed to better define obesity and its health consequences. Further, better measures of PA are also needed for individuals with obesity.
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10315/36763
dc.languageen
dc.rightsAuthor owns copyright, except where explicitly noted. Please contact the author directly with licensing requests.
dc.subjectEpidemiology
dc.subject.keywordsBody Mass Index
dc.subject.keywordsPercent Body Fat
dc.subject.keywordsBioelectrical Impedance Analysis
dc.subject.keywordsCounts Per Minute
dc.subject.keywordsCardiorespiratory Fitness
dc.subject.keywordsFat Mass
dc.subject.keywordsAccelerometer
dc.subject.keywordsPhysical Activity
dc.subject.keywordsPeak Oxygen Uptake
dc.subject.keywordsWaist Circumference
dc.titleMeasurement and Assessment of Health Outcomes, Body Composition, and Physical Activity in Obesity
dc.typeElectronic Thesis or Dissertation

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