Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of a Focusable Solar Simulator for High and Low Flux Solar Thermal Applications

Abstract

High-flux solar simulators (HFSS) advance solar thermal research but are traditionally costly and complex, limiting access for smaller institutions. This thesis presents a low-cost, adaptable solar simulator using commercially available xenon arc cinema searchlights and Fresnel lenses for dynamic irradiance control. The system was characterized through direct flux measurements with a pyranometer and indirect flux mapping via a CMOS camera, enabling detailed analysis of irradiance distribution, temporal stability, and efficiency. Experimental results showed an average irradiance of 2819 W/m² over a 12×12-inch area, peak irradiance of 2348 kW/m² with Fresnel lens concentration, and efficiencies up to 22.4% at full intensity. Real-world tests on radiative cooling coatings confirmed the simulator's capability to replicate concentrated solar conditions accurately. This study demonstrates a scalable, practical alternative to traditional HFSS, enhancing accessibility for smaller research facilities and laying a foundation for future multi-lamp and advanced optical configurations.