The Production of Smart Cities: An Analysis of Barcelona and Toronto

The paper examines the discursive, governance, and territorial strategies of smart city initiatives, focusing on the comparative analysis of Barcelona and Toronto. By analyzing the narratives, systems of governance, and geographical consequences of these technological changes, the research uncovers the intricate and difficult aspects of the idealistic concept of smart cities. Barcelona's citizen-centric strategy, which prioritizes participation and municipal control, stands in contrast to Toronto's corporate-driven approach, underscoring notable disparities in social equity and stakeholder engagement. The results emphasize the significance of inclusive and participatory governance structures in guaranteeing that smart city projects contribute to equitable and sustainable urban development. Furthermore, the study explores the profound implications for urban planners, who are required to include innovative technology, foster cross-disciplinary collaboration, and tackle challenges related to digital exclusion, privacy, and community cohesion. This research proposes a balanced approach to smart city development that combines technology developments with social justice and environmental sustainability. By drawing lessons from Barcelona and Toronto, the aim is to create urban futures that are more democratic and resilient urban futures.