Understanding sources of atmospheric hydrogen chloride in coastal spring and continental winter

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dc.contributor.authorAngelucci, Angela A.
dc.contributor.authorFurlani, Teles
dc.contributor.authorWang, Xuan
dc.contributor.authorJacob, Daniel J.
dc.contributor.authorVandenBoer, Trevor
dc.contributor.authorYoung, Cora
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-01T01:13:50Z
dc.date.available2021-12-01T01:13:50Z
dc.date.issued2021-08-18
dc.description.abstractAmbient 0.5 Hz hydrogen chloride (HCl) measurements were made in Canadian cities to 17 investigate chlorine activation and constrain the tropospheric chlorine budget. Springtime HCl mixing ratios in a coastal city (St. John’s, NL) were up to 1200 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) with median of 63 pptv and were consistently elevated during daytime. High-time resolution measurements allowed attribution of events to general sources, including direct emissions. Most coastal HCl was related to sea salt aerosol acid displacement (R1) and chlorine activation. Continental urban (Toronto, ON) wintertime HCl mixing ratios reached up to 541 and 172 pptv, with medians of 67 and 11 pptv during two sampling periods characterized by different wind directions. The absence of consistent relationships with NOx, temperature, and wind direction, as well as a lack of diurnal patterns, suggested uncharacterized direct sources of HCl. One period with road salting occurred during sampling, but no relationship to changes in HCl observations was found. The contribution of road salt to the measured HCl may have been masked by larger contributors (such as direct sources of HCl) or perhaps the relationship between HCl and road salt application is not immediate and thus additional measurements over multiple salting events or between seasons would be required. GEOS-Chem modelled HCl temporal variations in mixing ratio agreed well with coastal measurements only. Measured mixing ratios were underestimated by the model in both locations, but to a greater degree (up to 3 orders of magnitude) in the continental city. The discrepancy between the model and measurements for the continental wintertime city emphasizes the need for greater understanding of direct sources of HCl and the impact of road salt.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipFunding was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Councilen_US
dc.identifier.citationAngelucci, A.A.; Furlani, T. C.; Wang, X.; Jacob, D. J.; VandenBoer, T. C.; Young, C. J. Understanding sources of atmospheric hydrogen chloride in coastal spring and continental winter. ACS Earth Space Chem. 2021, 5, 2507−2516. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00193en_US
dc.identifier.issn2472-3452
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00193en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10315/38845
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherACS Publicationsen_US
dc.rightsThis document is the unedited Author’s version of a Submitted Work that was subsequently accepted for publication in ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00193en_US
dc.subjectHydrogen chlorideen_US
dc.subjectReactive chlorineen_US
dc.subjectCavity ring-down spectroscopyen_US
dc.subjectGEOS-Chemen_US
dc.subjectEmissionsen_US
dc.subjectMarineen_US
dc.subjectContinentalen_US
dc.subjectWintertimeen_US
dc.subjectRoad salten_US
dc.titleUnderstanding sources of atmospheric hydrogen chloride in coastal spring and continental winteren_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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