The association of physical activity with prediabetes/type 2 diabetes and cardiac autonomic function
| dc.contributor.advisor | Kuk, Jennifer | |
| dc.contributor.author | Pooni, Rubin Kaur | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2024-03-18T18:20:30Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2024-03-18T18:20:30Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2024-03-16 | |
| dc.date.updated | 2024-03-16T10:39:51Z | |
| dc.degree.discipline | Kinesiology & Health Science | |
| dc.degree.level | Doctoral | |
| dc.degree.name | PhD - Doctor of Philosophy | |
| dc.description.abstract | Three separate studies were conducted to assess the association of physical activity with prediabetes/type 2 diabetes (pre/T2D) and cardiac autonomic function. The purpose of study 1 was to examine whether using both objectively (accelerometer) and subjectively (questionnaire) measured moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (SED) improves the prediction of pre/T2D using data from the Framingham Heart Study (n=4200). Logistic regression was used to examine the odds ratio of pre/T2D in groups cross-classified by subjective and objective MVPA and SED. The findings demonstrated that low objectively measured MVPA appears more closely associated with pre/T2D risk compared to subjective measures, and there does not appear to be an additive effect of SED on pre/T2D risk after accounting for MVPA. The purpose of study 2 was to examine the effects of 3-6 months of aerobic, resistance, and combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on heart rate recovery (HRR) from three previously reported randomized trials (n=147). A repeated measures ANCOVA was used to examine differences in 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-min HRR from pre- to post-intervention and compared to control adjusting for sex, Tanner stage, ethnicity, and training duration. The findings suggest that aerobic exercise training may be a more effective strategy for improving HRR in adolescents with overweight or obesity. The purpose of study 3 was to examine the association of MVPA or SED and pre/T2D with heart rate variability (HRV) in Hispanic adults using data from the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos (n=11 209). Multiple linear regression models were used to examine differences in RMSSD and SDNN in groups cross-classified by MVPA or SED with pre/T2D, adjusting for age, body mass index, sex, education, nutrition, smoking status, alcohol use, cardiovascular disease, and MVPA or SED where appropriate. Having pre/T2D, regardless of MVPA or SED, was associated with lower RMSSD and SDNN. There was an association of high HRV with high MVPA in individuals without pre/T2D, but it did not translate to individuals with pre/T2D. The association of MVPA and SED with HRV in individuals with pre/T2D requires further investigation. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/10315/41971 | |
| dc.language | en | |
| dc.rights | Author owns copyright, except where explicitly noted. Please contact the author directly with licensing requests. | |
| dc.subject | Epidemiology | |
| dc.subject.keywords | physical activity | |
| dc.subject.keywords | sedentary time | |
| dc.subject.keywords | prediabetes | |
| dc.subject.keywords | type 2 diabetes | |
| dc.subject.keywords | questionnaire | |
| dc.subject.keywords | accelerometer | |
| dc.subject.keywords | aerobic | |
| dc.subject.keywords | resistance | |
| dc.subject.keywords | heart rate recovery | |
| dc.subject.keywords | adolescents | |
| dc.subject.keywords | overweight | |
| dc.subject.keywords | obesity | |
| dc.subject.keywords | heart rate variability | |
| dc.subject.keywords | Hispanic | |
| dc.title | The association of physical activity with prediabetes/type 2 diabetes and cardiac autonomic function | |
| dc.type | Electronic Thesis or Dissertation |
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