Department of Biology
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Browsing Department of Biology by Subject "anaphase"
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Item Open Access Elastic ‘tethers’ connect separating anaphase chromosomes in a broad range of animal cells.(Elsevier, 2017-09) Forer, Arthur; Duquette, Michelle L.; Paliulis, Leocadia V.; Fegaras, E.; Ono, M.; Preece, D.; Berns, MichaelWe describe the general occurrence in animal cells of elastic components (“tethers”) that connect individual chromosomes moving to opposite poles during anaphase. Tethers, originally described in crane-fly spermatocytes, produce force on chromosome arms opposite to the direction the anaphase chromosomes move. In crane-fly spermatocytes tethers function to coordinate movements between chromosomes. Their presence in a broad range of cells suggests that they may be important in coordinating movements between chromosomes to ensure normal segregation. Tethers are previously unrecognised force-producing components of general mitotic mechanisms and need to be accounted for in general models of mitosis in terms of forces on chromosomes and in terms of what their roles might be, possibly in coordinating chromosome movements during mitosis.Item Open Access Tethers: elastic connections between separating partner chromosomes in anaphase(Springer Link, 2018-05) Forer, Arthur; Paliulis, LeocadiaRecent work has demonstrated the existence of elastic connections, or tethers, between the telomeres of separating partner chromosomes in anaphase. These tethers oppose the poleward spindle forces in anaphase. Functional evidence for tethers has been found in a wide range of animal taxa, suggesting that they might be present in all dividing cells. An examination of the literature on cell division from the 19th century to the present reveals that connections between separating partner chromosomes in anaphase have been described in some of the earliest observations of cell division. Here we review what is currently known about connections between separating partner chromosomes in anaphase, and we speculate on possible functions of tethers, and on what they are made of and how one might determine their composition.