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Browsing Research publications by Author "Anderson, D.L."
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Item Open Access Description and Intercomparison of Techniques to measure N and S compounds in the Western Atlantic Ocean Experiment(Elsevier, 1988) Hastie, D.R.; Schiff, H.I.; Whelpdale, D.M.; Peterson, R.; Zoller, W.H.; Anderson, D.L.; Church, T.M.The data set of N and S compound measurements from WATOX-85 has been examined in detail to assess that data quality and suitability for use in addressing the goals of the Western Atlantic Ocean Experiment. Accuracy estimates for particulate SO42− and NO3−, SO2 and HNO3 have been made on the basis of the investigators' estimates and the results of intercomparisons. Intercomparisons of ground-based particulate SO42− and all filter SO2 and HNO3 measurements show them to be consistent with the 20% accuracies quoted by the investigators. Ground-based particulate NO3− and aircraft particulate SO42− show inconsistencies such that the accuracies can be no better than 28% and the aircraft particulate NO3 has an accuracy of no better than 60%.Item Open Access Nitrogen and sulphur over the Western Atlantic Ocean(Elsevier, 1988) Hastie, D.R.; Schiff, H.I.; Whelpdale, D.M.; Peterson, R.; Zoller, W.H.; Anderson, D.L.This paper reports new surface and aircraft measurements of sulphur and nitrogen species made during WATOX-85 at Lewes, Delaware and Bermuda. Concentrations of most species measured in this portion of the western Atlantic Ocean atmosphere were higher than those found in remote marine environments, showing clearly the influence of anthropogenic emissions from North America. The experiment was designed such that measurements were made following cold frontal passages in conditions of strong, dry westerly flow, to ensure that measurements at Bermuda were in air masses that had earlier crossed the east coast in the region of Lewes. Boundary-layer SO2 concentrations decreased by a factor of 20 between the east coast and Bermuda, while sulphate was the same at both locations. First-order decay distances for SO2 and total S were 340 and 620 km, respectively, under these conditions. The decay distance for total S is substantially shorter than previously determined, indicating that SO2 in particular is removed in near-coastal environments more quickly than previously supposed. Boundary-layer NOx and HNO3 concentrations decreased by close to an order of magnitude between the east coast and Bermuda, whereas for NO3− the decrease was a factor of two. Corresponding first-order decay distances of NO'x and total N were 500 and 550km, respectively.