Topology Optimization is currently the main technique to optimize an objects structural design. This method commonly produces parts that have exceedingly complex geometry. Additive manufacturing (AM) is the main manufacturing ...

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control theory is applied to the evolutionary rate of the Bi-Directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) method to control aspects of the convergence such as the rise time, ...

Control valves are known as the final control element in hydraulic closed/open loops of modern process industries around the world. Proper selection of control valve leads to enhanced performance curve of the hydraulic ...

Coordinate metrology is the most commonly used inspection method to analyze surfaces for manufacturing errors and imperfections. The computational in today’s coordinate metrology are composed of a series of extensive ...