Analysis of Drinking Water Distribution Systems using the Engineering Design Process

Our research has identified that issues pertaining to distribution infrastructure are a leading cause of water safety vulnerability. These challenges are exacerbated within small communities which experience a disproportionate number of boil water advisories compared to larger communities. This study used the engineering design process to explore the root causes and potential solutions to water safety hazards within the water distribution system. A systematic literature review thoroughly examined data-backed evidence of issues causing potential threats to drinking water safety. Potential solutions involving the implementation of distributed treatment using UV LEDs installed at different points in the distribution system were identified through research and stakeholder consultation and compared to one another using EPANET software. The results of this analysis indicated that installing UV LEDs at the point-of-entry could potentially be used to reduce the impact of water safety hazards within the distribution system.