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Item Open Access Educational Needs and Educational Deprivation of Syrian Refugee Children in Jordanian ‘Random Camps’: ‘It’s Hard to Think about the Future of Tomorrow, if We Don’t Have Enough to Eat Today’(Technical University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt, 2024-06-15) Huth-Hildebrandt, Christine; Al'Ali, Ali; Al-Madi, BaderWhen thousands of Syrian families seeking help fled to Jordan at the beginning of the Syrian Crisis in March 2011, the Jordanian government set up camps to accommodate the displaced people. Some of the Syrian refugees are supported by humanitarian organizations, some have since received work permits. On the other hand, others are trying to find work in the informal sector, particularly in agriculture. Thus, numerous settlements, so-called random camps, have sprung up on the outskirts of the farms in rural Jordan, where Syrian families are housed during the harvest season (Perosino, 2023). The following article deals with such settlements. More specifically, it deals with the following: school dropouts from Syrian agricultural worker families, the needs and problems of the school-age children living there, gaps in the Jordanian education system, and answers as to how these children can continue to be enabled to attend school regularly. Thus, an ethnographic study was conducted in rural areas. Focus group discussions were held with parents from two irregular settlements, and qualitative interviews were conducted with experts from the Ministry of Education and Humanitarian Organizations. The study concludes that school dropouts among Syrian children of agricultural workers cannot be explained solely by poverty and child labor, but must be considered through the rural school and educational system that does not correspond to the mobile way of life of the Syrian agricultural worker families. This inevitably leads to the exclusion of children from school attendance.Item Open Access Public libraries’ role in supporting Ukrainian refugees: A focus on Hungary and Poland(Sage Journals, 2024-08-07) Johnston, Jamie; Mierzecka, Anna; Toth, Mate; Paul, Magdalena; Kisilowska-Szurmińska, Małgorzata; Khosrowjerdi, Mahmood; Vårheim, Andreas; Rydbeck, Kerstin; Jochumsen, Henrik; Hvenegaard Rasmussen, Casper ; Pálsdóttir, Ágústa; Olson, Anna; Skare, Roswitha; Mathiasson, Mia HøjThe Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 led to Europe’s largest displacement of people since World War II, with significant substantial numbers of Ukrainian refugees seeking shelter in neighbouring countries. International research attests to the crucial roles public libraries can play in the reception and integration of refugees. However, diverse professional and geographical contexts and sociopolitical landscapes in which libraries work to support refugee reception and integration processes, necessitate ongoing and renewed focus on the topic. Therefore, this study examines how public libraries in Hungary and Poland responded to the influx of Ukrainian refugees, investigating their roles, programmes and partnerships. Using mixed methods, the study analyses previously unexamined 2018 questionnaire results and conducts 12 subsequent interviews with library staff. Findings reveal that libraries addressed a spectrum of user needs falling into three broad phases. Initially, they focussed on primary needs during the first phase, transitioning to settlement-related needs in the second phase. Variances between Poland and Hungary emerged during this phase, with Hungary primarily serving transient refugees and those with Hungarian backgrounds, while Poland saw a higher number of refugees of Ukrainian background settling. In the final phase, libraries emphasized literacy, integration and cultural support, aligning with reading and collection-oriented services. Service provision was characterized by nontraditional services in the first phase, non-collection-oriented services in the second phase and collection-oriented services in the third phase, with information provision central to all three phases. The study underscores public libraries’ role in addressing community needs, rooted in their core values of inclusivity and community engagement. However, their effectiveness hinges on inclusion in community-level efforts, awareness among new groups and securing economic and political support. Further research is warranted to explore library services to refugees globally amid increasing global migration and to understand the experiences of refugees using library services.Item Open Access Far from Home: Russians Relocating to Latin America(George Washington University, 2024-06-26) Ruseishvili, Svetlana; SERGEEVA, Ivetta; Kamalov, EmilDrawing on longitudinal survey data from the OutRush project, official migration statistics from across the region, and in-depth interviews and sociological observation of Russian immigrants to Brazil, we explore the emerging trends of war-induced Russian migration to Latin America. Russians have visa-free access to the region, which already appeals to families seeking legal residency via jus soli citizenship for their children and family reunification policies. The region may slowly attract more Russian emigrants as they face legal insecurities and restrictions in the most popular host countries for wartime emigration but are unwilling—for political or other reasons—to return to Russia. Since Latin America is a huge and varied region, our data may not fully represent all dynamics there. Our conclusions should thus be viewed as preliminary insights and warrant further investigation across various national contexts.Item Open Access Evolving Support Needs in Small Option Homes in Nova Scotia: Policy Implications on Persons with Intellectual Disabilities(2024-08-16) Dunn, Hannah E.; Burghardt, Madeline; Bernasky, TammyRecent legal events in Nova Scotia (NS) prompted the examination and reform of the provincial Disability Support Program (DSP). This initiative, coupled with the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, revealed devastating impacts of policy structures on persons labelled with intellectual disabilities (PWID). The present study examines how Nova Scotia Disability Support Program policies impact persons with intellectual disabilities experiencing increasing support needs while living in small option homes. Existing research focuses on group home settings, with nothing specific to NS, nor DSP policies. Guided by the theoretical frameworks of critical disability theory and intersectionality, and the analytical frameworks of critical policy analysis and Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis (Hankivsky et al., 2014), a text-based policy analysis was conducted on DSP policies. The potential lived impacts of identified themes from the analysis were illuminated through two composite stories. The analysis revealed themes of medicalization, dis/empowerment, and colonial structures. These themes were situated within larger contexts of institutional ideologies, static beliefs about PWID, and intersectional complexities of accessing DSP supports. This study demonstrated the importance of connecting policy with lived impact during policy reform. Future research should further investigate how varied identities impact how PWID access DSP supports. Future policy reform must center lived experience throughout the entire process, and center the question “who am I impacting, and how?” throughout each point of change. Keywords: Intellectual Disability, Disability Support Program, Small Option Home (SOH), Human Rights Remedy, Support Needs, Ageing in Place, IntersectionalItem Open Access What if There was Never Once Upon a Time But an “Unhinged Representation of the Disabled Womanhood Journey?(2024-08-12) Deoni, Natasha; Reaume, Geoffrey; Vorstermans, JessicaThe Walt Disney Company released its first feature animated film in 1937, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs; little to their surprise, this film initiated the princess phenomenon (Muir, 2023, p.2). The Disney Princess films portray two representations of females: the naive, young, beautiful princess and the older, cruel, feared by all, independent villain. Using Critical Disability Studies, Feminist and Feminist Disability Studies paradigms will analyze how the ideology of cure is embedded in the Princess and Villain’s journey to overcome the curses cast upon them and change the trajectory of their current life. The implications of the representations for the Princess and Villain journey to disabled womanhood and if there has been a progression in the depiction of disability and femineity in the Disney Princess animated films. A mixed method was used to uncover the findings for the qualitative study: reflective thematic analysis and autoethnography.Item Open Access Exploring the (In)accessibility of Ontario Law Schools: A Distant Dream for Candidates with Disabilities(2024-08-13) Omar, Alana; Vorstermans, Jessica; Malhotra, RaviThis Major Research Paper (MRP) will investigate Ontario law schools’ current admissions policies which create barriers for candidates with disabilities to be granted admission and pursue a career in law. Through the mystification of application requirements in the “Access” category of admissions, the lack of clarity around admissions criteria in comparison to other application categories falls short. Via the use of vague language on admissions websites, a limited mode of expression for personal interest statements within the application itself, and an inequitable focus on performative measures of assessment (i.e. Law School Admissions Test scores, GPA, extracurriculars), admissions committees claim to the application of a holistic approach to evaluation is extremely misleading, adhering to a selection process that does not equitably reflect a candidate's strengths and suitability as a law student. In addition to this, candidates that are selected and become students, carry an immense amount of pressure to prove they are worthy, through expectations to prove their success at the expense of their disability (Dolmage, 2017). Through evaluating current admission policies and providing recommendations to revise current ableist processes for future lawyers with disabilities, my aim in conducting this research will be threefold; using a literature review to understand the experiences of current law students with disabilities; to further explore the challenges candidates with disabilities face in accessing Ontario law schools using an autoethnography detailing my own experience as an applicant in the Access category. The aim of the secondary data analysis is to disentangle the paradox of an inaccessible Access category of admissions. Ultimately, the basis of this analysis will emphasize the need to rework admissions processes to reflect the meaningful use of various admissions categories that supports intersectional identities, specifically the consistent inclusion of an Access category.Item Open Access The Roles of Asylum Seeker–Led Organisations in Settlement Processes and Determinants: Evidence from Hong Kong(Springer Nature, 2024-07-31) Lam, Ka Wang KelvinOrganisations led by refugees or migrants play an important role in their settlement, providing platforms for establishing connections and reaching the wider community. However, our knowledge of how they utilise these platforms for establishing connections and the factors affecting the formation of these connections remains limited. This paper, drawing on evidence from Hong Kong, examines the use of organisations led by asylum seekers as platforms for establishing connections, the roles of these connections in their settlement process, and the factors affecting the formation of these connections. Data were collected from an asylum seeker–led organisation in Hong Kong. The author conducted participant observation and 30 semi-structured interviews with adult asylum seekers while volunteering with this organisation between 2018 and 2021. The findings reinforce the importance of organisations led by refugees or migrants in their settlement process, particularly when official humanitarian aid is insufficient. They utilise these platforms to reach the wider community for support, thereby filling assistance gaps through establishing connections with the local community (bridging) and participating in policy advocacy activities (linking). Proficiency in the local language and institutional responsiveness were found to determine their ability to bridge with the local community and link with policymakers respectively. Overall, the findings suggest that, aside from the engagement of refugees or migrants, the support of host communities and institutional responsiveness are equally important in creating favourable conditions for them to adjust to and establish their lives in a new context.Item Open Access Revolving Doors: How Externalization Policies Block Refugees and Deflect Other Migrants across Migration Routes(Wiley, 2024-07-23) mesnard, alice; Savatic, Filip; SENNE, Jean-Noël; Thiollet, HeleneMigrant destination states of the Global North generally seek to stem irregular migration while remaining committed to refugee rights. To do so, these states have increasingly sought to externalize migration control, implicating migrant origin and transit states in managing the movement of persons across borders. But do externalization policies actually have an impact on unauthorized migration flows? If yes, do those impacts vary across different migrant categories given that both asylum seekers and other migrants can cross borders without prior authorization? We argue that these policies do have an impact on unauthorized migration flows and that those impacts are distinct for refugees and other migrants. Using data on “irregular/illegal border crossings” collected by Frontex, the Border and Coast Guard Agency of the European Union (EU), we first find that the geographical trajectories of refugees and other migrants who cross EU borders without authorization are distinct. Using a novel method to estimate whether individuals are likely to obtain asylum in 31 European destination states, we find that “likely refugees” tend to be concentrated on a single, primary migratory route while “likely irregular migrants” may be dispersed across multiple routes. Through an event study analysis of the impact of the 2016 EU–Turkey Statement, a paradigmatic example of externalization, we show that the policy primarily blocked likely refugees while deflecting likely irregular migrants to alternative routes. Our findings ultimately highlight how externalization policies may fail to prevent unauthorized entries of irregular migrants while endangering refugee protection.Item Open Access Retrospection and Evolution(2022-07) Kipling Brown, AnnAnn Kipling Brown, made a trip down memory lane with the thoughts and ideas of the participants, using their own words and visual media to underline the journey and significant role of daCi. The keynote panel presentation celebrates and reflects upon Dance and the Child International (daCi), the one organization that focuses on all aspects of dance for young children and youth. It seemed appropriate in the 40th anniversary year of the organization that we consider daCi’s journey from its inception to the present day. To do this I explored the daCi and Boorman archives, talked and interviewed people who have worked so diligently to maintain the goals of daCi, and, of course, considered my own involvement with the organization. My recent conversations with Joyce revealed her continued passion and commitment to dance education through her reflections about her teaching, publications, workshops, connections with public schools and the children’s theatre.Item Open Access Portrait de l'extrême droite à Québec : Organisations, discours et activités des groupes racistes et xénophobes de la Capitale nationale(La Ligue des droits et libertés – Section de Québec, 2019) Roy-Rojas, PabloSur fond de crise identitaire, l’extrême droite connait une résurgence un peu partout en Occident. Son discours islamophobe, xénophobe et raciste, bien qu’il soit transnational, se particularise selon les différentes localités où il trouve écho. Au Québec, l’extrême droite s’organise principalement en deux tendances : le nationalisme identitaire et le néofascisme. Cet article propose de tracer un portrait de l’extrême droite dans la capitale nationale. Pour ce faire, nous avons étudié le parcours et l’actualité de plusieurs organisations québécoises et nous avons procédé au recensement de leurs activités publiques dans la ville de Québec. Nos résultats sont probants. Nous avons repéré le débat sur l’identité nationale comme facteur légitimant les discours identitaires. Nous avons révélé la collaboration d’organisations distinctes dans un réseau militant croissant à travers lequel circulent idées, stratégies et militant.e.s de la droite la plus radicale. Nous constatons que le discours de l’extrême droite québécoise se distingue aux abords de quatre thèmes : la race et l’Islam, le sexisme, l’autochtonie et la laïcité. Ensuite, nous démontrons que les quartiers centraux de la ville de Québec sont les plus affectés par les activités publiques de l’extrême droite, principalement par le groupe néofasciste Atalante. L’article met en lumière les réalités de l’extrême droite dans la ville de Québec. À partir d’un corpus empirique, il pose les bases d’une réflexion plus vaste au sujet de l’intolérance et du racisme.