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Seeing With Two Eyes: Colonial Policy, the Huron Tract Treaty and Changes in the Land in Lambton County, 1780-1867

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dc.contributor.advisorMcNab, David T.
dc.creatorTravers, Karen Jean
dc.date.accessioned2015-12-16T19:15:28Z
dc.date.available2015-12-16T19:15:28Z
dc.date.copyright2015-06-05
dc.date.issued2015-12-16
dc.date.updated2015-12-16T19:15:28Z
dc.degree.disciplineHistory
dc.degree.levelDoctoral
dc.degree.namePhD - Doctor of Philosophy
dc.description.abstractABSTRACT This dissertation explores the histories of Walpole Island (Bkejwanong), Sarnia (Aamjiwnaang), and Kettle and Stoney Point (Wiiwkwedong and Aazhoodena) between 1790 and 1867 in what became Lambton County, Ontario. Anishinabe peoples faced tremendous challenges during this crucial period in their histories stemming from the loss of the Ohio Valley, non-native settlement, and intense pressure to surrender the land and settle permanently on reserves. With few exceptions, literature on the subject of Upper Canadian history and Indian policy largely accepts the decline of Anishinabe communities as an inevitable consequence of demilitarization after the War of 1812. The fact that Anishinabe peoples continue to live in these same communities as they have for hundreds of years, complicates such analyses. Through the lens of ‘two-eyed seeing’ I interrogate this contradiction and explore the many ways that the Anishinabeg sought to combine Indigenous knowledge and worldviews with the tools to survive in Eurocanadian economies between 1790 and 1867. While this story is not one of swift decline, I argue that Indigenous leaders sought a future for themselves that differed fundamentally from the one that unfolded in the years before Confederation. This study¬ uses petitions, Indian Affairs and municipal documents to explore the confluence of local processes that undermined Anishinabe attempts to co-exist with Eurocanadians. While it is true that Great Britain no longer needed its ‘Indian allies’ after the War of 1812, this does not sufficiently explain why fellow Loyalists and settlers did not accept Anishinabe peoples as partners in a province that both communities helped establish. While policy is an important part of this process, it is only a part of this story. My focus is on the relationships established between two peoples, and the construction, devolution, and disintegration of these relationships. Plans made by Anishinabe Chiefs to create a self-sufficient and independent future in Upper Canada were gradually undone by a combination of politics, policy, land and economics. These coalesced over the first half of the nineteenth century to radically transform their vision to one that by Confederation, increasingly sought to confine and define ‘Indians’ as legal wards.
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10315/30644
dc.language.isoen
dc.rightsAuthor owns copyright, except where explicitly noted. Please contact the author directly with licensing requests.
dc.subjectCanadian history
dc.subject.keywordsCanadian history
dc.subject.keywordsAnishinabe
dc.subject.keywordsOjibway
dc.subject.keywordsFirst Nation
dc.subject.keywordsWalpole Island
dc.subject.keywordsChenail Ecarte
dc.subject.keywordsMcKee Treaty
dc.subject.keywordsSarnia
dc.subject.keywordsKettle Point
dc.subject.keywordsStoney Point
dc.subject.keywordsStony Point
dc.subject.keywordsIpperwash
dc.subject.keywordsOntario history
dc.subject.keywordstreaties
dc.subject.keywordsHuron Tract Treaty
dc.subject.keywordsIndigenous studies
dc.subject.keywordscolonial history
dc.subject.keywordspre-Confederation
dc.subject.keywordsUpper Canada
dc.subject.keywordsWestern District
dc.subject.keywordsNorthwest
dc.subject.keywordsMichigan
dc.subject.keywordsAmherstburg
dc.subject.keywordsBaldoon
dc.subject.keywordsSt. Clair
dc.subject.keywordsMoore Township
dc.subject.keywordsLower Reserve
dc.subject.keywordsSombra Township
dc.subject.keywordsShawanoe
dc.subject.keywordsEssex County
dc.subject.keywordsBosanquet Township
dc.subject.keywordsNorthwest
dc.subject.keywordsMichigan
dc.subject.keywordsAboriginal history
dc.subject.keywordseconomics
dc.subject.keywordsagriculture
dc.subject.keywordssettlement
dc.subject.keywordsland use
dc.subject.keywordscolonial
dc.subject.keywordsGreat Lakes
dc.subject.keywordsIndigenous-European relations
dc.subject.keywordsgovernment
dc.subject.keywords1849 Municipal Act
dc.subject.keywordsProclamation of 1763
dc.subject.keywords1839 Crown Lands Act
dc.subject.keywordsdebt
dc.subject.keywordscredit
dc.subject.keywordsIndian Affairs
dc.subject.keywordsresources
dc.subject.keywordsrights
dc.subject.keywordslaw
dc.subject.keywordsreserves
dc.subject.keywordspetitions
dc.subject.keywordsclaims
dc.subject.keywordsdeeds
dc.subject.keywordsBritish Empire
dc.subject.keywordscolonialism
dc.subject.keywordscolonial policy
dc.subject.keywordsCivilization
dc.subject.keywordsEnfranchisement
dc.subject.keywordsgovernment policy
dc.subject.keywordsenvironmental history
dc.subject.keywordslegislation
dc.subject.keywordsidentity
dc.subject.keywordsIndigeneity
dc.subject.keywordsIndian status
dc.subject.keywordsIndian Act
dc.subject.keywordsMétis
dc.subject.keywordsLoyalist
dc.subject.keywordsBritish Indian Department
dc.subject.keywordsAmerican Revolution
dc.subject.keywordsWar of 1812
dc.subject.keywordsreconciliation
dc.subject.keywordsTwo-eyed seeing
dc.subject.keywordsco-existence
dc.subject.keywordsRebellions of 1837
dc.subject.keywordsWawanosh.
dc.titleSeeing With Two Eyes: Colonial Policy, the Huron Tract Treaty and Changes in the Land in Lambton County, 1780-1867
dc.typeElectronic Thesis or Dissertation

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