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Item Open Access Trauma, PTSD, anxiety and coping strategies among Palestinian adolescents exposed to war in Gaza(Arab Journal of Psychiatry, 2014-05) thabet, abdelaziz; EL-Buhaisi, Omar; Vostanis, PanosAim: The present study investigated types of traumatic events experienced by Palestinian adolescents exposed to war in Gaza in relation to PTSD, anxiety and coping strategies. Methods: The sample comprised 358 adolescents aged 15 to 18 years; 158 boys (44.1%) and 200 girls (55.9%). Self-administrated questionnaires included Gaza Traumatic Events Checklist, Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder according to DSM-IV scale, and the Adolescent-Coping Orientation for Problem experiences Scale. Results: The mean number of traumatic events reported by adolescents was 13.34 with 90.8% witnessing mutilated bodies on TV, 88.5% exposed to heavy artillery shelling, 86.6% seeing evidence of shelling, and 86.0% hearing sonic sounds from jetfighters. The mean total anxiety was 41.18, obsessive compulsive subscale was 8.90, generalized anxiety subscale was 4.46, social phobia was 6.99, separation anxiety was 6.16, physical injury fears was 5.48, and panic/Agoraphobia was 5.4. Girls reported more anxiety problems than boys; 11.8% of all participants reported no PTSD while 24.2% reported fewer than two symptom clusters. Criterion for partial PTSD was met by 34.31% while 29.8% reported symptoms meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for full PTSD. Girls also reported more PTSD symptoms than boys. Participants reported coping by developing social support, investing in close friends, and/or engaging in demanding activities. Those reporting traumatic experiences developed less social support and requested more professional support while participants with PTSD coped by ventilating feelings, developing social support, avoiding problems. Participants with fewer PTSD symptoms tended towards solving their family problems while those with anxiety reported ventilating feelings, developing social support, and engaging in demanding activities. Participants with less anxiety sought more spiritual support.Item Open Access Social Support of Palestinian Adults with Disabilities in the Gaza Strip(Arab Journal of Psychiatry, 2018-11) thabet, abdelaziz; Vostanis, Panos; Qama, Kamal AbuAim: The present study aimed to determine the social support levels perceived by Palestinian adults with disabilities and to compare the data with socio-demographic variables. Method: N=416 participants (n=263 men, n=53 women); ages ranged from 19-70 years (M= 33.56 years) were selected randomly from the databases of two NGOs for people with disabilities. Instruments: Demographic data were collected via questionnaire for gender, age, class, and place of residence and attitudes and perceptions about social adaptation, life status, social role, self-esteem and self-concept were via the Social Support Scale. Results: The most commonly reported items in the Social Support Scale included feeling the need for security (69.6%), not feeling satisfied about quality of life (39%), understanding the demands of a new life (53.3%), feeling the need for love and social recognition (69.4%), and being aware of personal potential and ability (69.4%). Men with disabilities reported higher self-esteem than women with disabilities. Those who had no income had less social adaptation, less life status, less social role, and less self-concept. Conclusion and clinical implications: The importance of focus for improving the social support, self-esteem, and well-being of disabled Palestinian adults and families. Self-esteem enhancement interventions offered in this context might well have an increased effect when combined with the other services available through independent living. Culturally sensitive interventions need to be developed to further enable people in all strata of the social hierarchy to understand their own worth and bring about changes in their lives and communities. Psychosocial interventions can play a useful role in supporting awareness and the development of accurate and positive appraisals of the self, alongside the process of adjusting to life of disabled people.Item Open Access Resilience and Psychological Problems among Palestinians Victims of Community Violence(Arab Journal of Psychiatry, 2013-11) Anwar, Abadsa; thabet, abdelazizAim: The present study examined the relationship between psychological problems in families' of victims of community violence and resilience in the Gaza Strip. Method: 255 participants were selected; 120 were males (47.1%) and 135 were females (52.9%). Participants were interviewed using a socio-demographic scale and Arabic versions of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised and the Resilience Attitude Scale. Results: Participants’ mean psychological symptoms were 121.48. Females reported more somatization, obsessive compulsive, anxiety and phobic anxiety symptoms than males. Hostility was greater in low income families, paranoia was greater in people from moderate income families, psychosis was greater in those from low income families. While mean resilience was 60.84, males had more resilience than females, were more committed, more able to control, and more challenging than females. People living in north Gaza were less resilient and less challenging than people living in Gaza or Khan Younis. Psychological problems, obsessive compulsive, depression, anxiety, phobic anxiety, paranoia, and psychosis were correlated negatively with resilience. Also, total psychological problems, sensitivity, and phobic anxiety were correlated negatively with commitment. Sensitivity, anxiety and phobic anxiety were negatively correlated with control. With total psychological problems, obsessive compulsive, sensitivity, depression, anxiety, paranoia and psychosis were correlated negatively with challenge. Conclusion: Palestinians in the Gaza Strip reported more psychological problems due to long-standing stress and trauma arising from community violence. Resilience was an outcome of experiences of stress and trauma and coping strategies; social support was affected by the presence of psychological problems among Palestinians whereby people with more psychological problems showed less resilience. This study highlights the need for community reconciliation between the factions and increased effort in social reconciliation. More psychoeducational programs may help increase coping and resilience. Also, families affected directly by such community violence should be targeted with their children by programs including psychological intervention, social and community support group, stress management, and parenting training.Item Open Access The Power of Participation(Columbia University, Teachers College, 2004) Kapoor, IlanI reflect on the preceding five contributions in this issue by focusing on the power dimensions of participation. I emphasize how power underlies and frames not only the activities and management of participatory development, but also our own personal/institutional involvement as development researchers and workers. I end with some thoughts on where these inescapable power dynamics leave our engagement with participatory development.Item Open Access Membership in the Global City: The Successes and Failures of Municipal Multiculturalism in Toronto(York Lanes Press, 2010) Sharpe-Harrigan, MelissaIt asks, is the City of Toronto's approach to diversity-related policies able to provide a space for alternative, more organic, practices of multiculturalism? To what extent does the City of Toronto offer its residents an understanding of membership that is alternative to federal definitions of citizenship? TorontoItem Open Access Cambodian Refugees in Ontario: An Evaluation of Resettlement and Adaptation(York Lanes Press, 1995) McLellan, JanetCambodian Refugees in Ontario: An Evaluation of Resettlement and AdaptationItem Open Access Fading Hopes: Struggles for Survival among Cambodians Repatriated from Thai Refugee Camps(York Lanes Press, 1996) McLellan, JanetFading Hopes: Struggles for Survival among Cambodians Repatriates from Thai Refugee CampsItem Open Access Refugee decisions by IRB Member David McBean (2008-2010)(2012-02-17)This item provides access to the following 174 Immigration and Refugee Board case files: TA9-16871/TA9-16872/TA9-16873/TA9-20732;TA9-12340;TA8-20470/TA8-20518/TA8-20519;TA8-11999;TA8-07290;TA8-05173;TA6-01686/TA6-01687/TA6-01688/TA6-01689;TA6-02167;TA6-02971/TA6-02972/TA6-02973/TA6-02974;TA6-04219/TA6-04220/TA6-04221;TA6-05307;TA6-05380;TA6-06372;TA6-07093/TA6-07094/TA6-07095/TA6-07096/TA6-07097;TA6-07832;TA6-08970;TA6-13049;TA6-13906;TA6-14464;TA6-14480;TA6-14692;TA6-15441;TA6-16535;TA6-16901/TA7-01146/TA7-01147/TA7-06791;TA7-00260;TA7-00431/TA7-07909;TA7-00757/TA7-00758;TA7-01919;TA7-03034/TA7-03035;TA7-03282;TA7-03477/TA7-03478/TA7-03479;TA7-03594;TA7-03868/TA7-03869;TA7-04359;TA7-06343;TA7-07556/TA7-07582/TA7-07476/TA7-07477;TA7-07697/TA7-07735/TA7-08763;TA7-07893;TA7-07999;TA7-08474;TA7-08508;TA7-08664;TA7-09246;TA7-09410;TA7-09520/TA7-09587;TA7-09534/TA7-09596/TA7-09597;TA7-09899/TA7-09982/TA7-09983/TA8-05827/TA8-05828/TA8-05829;TA7-10194;TA7-10388;TA7-10400;TA7-10505;TA7-10816/TA8-06284/TA8-06307/TA8-06308;TA7-10894;TA7-10912/TA7-12205/TA7-12253/TA7-12254;TA7-11051/TA7-11058/TA7-11059/TA7-11060/TA7-11061;TA7-11162;TA7-11170/TA7-11212;TA7-11238/TA7-06686/TA7-06747;TA7-11253;TA7-11379;TA7-11417/TA7-11418/TA7-11419;TA7-11451;TA7-11601;TA7-11622/TA7-11623/TA7-11651/TA7-11652/TA7-11653/TA7-11654/;TA7-11751/TA7-11809;TA7-12057;TA7-12962;TA7-13173/TA7-13201/TA7-13202/TA7-13203/TA7-13204;TA7-13446/TA7-13702;TA7-13573;TA7-13590;TA7-14705;TA7-15160/TA7-15188/TA7-15189;TA7-15564;TA8-00117;TA8-00948;TA8-01139;TA8-01429;TA8-01468;TA8-01477;TA8-01487;TA8-01494;TA8-01701;TA8-02233;TA8-02301;TA8-02367;TA8-02586/TAB-02604;TA8-02738;TA8-03254;TA8-03420/TA8-03534;TA9-03220;TA8-03872;TA8-04347/TA8-04348/TA8-04349;TA8-04751;TA8-05186;TA8-05434;TA8-05677;TA8-06094;TA8-06216/TA8-06217/TA8-06218;TA8-06422;TA8-06674/TA8-06675;TA8-06740;TA8-07289;TA8-07397/TAB-07408;TA8-07399;TA8-07724;TA8-08905;TA8-09073;TA8-09146/TA8-13838;TA8-09360/TA8-09361;TA8-10888/TA8-10948/TA8-10949/TA8-10950;TA8-11103;TA8-11137/TA8-11168/TAB-11169/TAB-11170/TA8-11171;TA8-11251;TA8-12432;TA8-12483;TA8-12673;TA8-12941/TA8-12980/TA8-12981;TA8-13318;TA8-14262;TA8-14576/TA8-14577/TA8-14578;TA8-14912;TA8-15425/TA8-15454/TA8-17644/TA8-17645;TA8-16311;TA8-16520;TA8-16991;TA8-17614;TA8-18021;TA8-18183;TA8-18951;TA8-19089/TA8-23444/TA8-23445/TA8-23446/TA8-23447;TA8-19249/TA8-19301/TA8-21528/TA8-21529/TA8-21530;TA8-19574;TA8-21219;TA8-21408;TA8-21681;TA8-22076;TA8-22253/TA8-22294;TA8-23926;TA8-24160;TA8-24386;TA8-24405;TA8-24747/TA8-25029/TA8-25067/TA8-25068;TA8-24831;TA9-00342;TA9-01154;TA9-01499;TA9-02024;TA9-02324;TA9-02383;TA9-02515;TA9-03540;TA9-03995;TA9-04685/TA9-04686/TA9-04687;TA9-05001;TA9-05027;TA9-05364;TA9-05594/TA9-05595/TA9-05596;TA9-05694;TA9-06053;TA9-07669;TA9-08816;TA9-14677/TA9-14718/TA9-14719;TB0-02055;TA7-10850;TA7-11831;TA7-12639;TA7-12642;TA7-15245;TA8-03007/TA8-03059/TA8-03080;TA8-06108;TA8-23122/TA8-23124/TA8-23125/TA8-23179;TA9-03220;TA9-05387/TA9-05389/TA9-05390Item Open Access Toward Equitable Health and Health Services for Cambodian Refugee Women: An Ethnographic Analysis(2012-01-23) Dewitt, Beth; Adelson, NaomiThis goal of this research project was to learn about Cambodian-Canadian women’s health experiences. We argue that health narratives specifically, and resettlement experiences more broadly, provide insight into this ethno-cultural group’s health literacy and health seeking behaviour, as well as the barriers they experience accessing health services. Such narratives also expose the complexities of resettlement. These complexities are personal and collective, social and political, and impact upon women’s health and the health of their families. Findings from this research support the women’s health/community development initiative of the Canadian Cambodian Association of Ontario, as well as build upon Canadian research which explores the impact of resettlement and integration on refugee health and refugee integration within local communities.Item Open Access Final Report: Toward Equitable Health and Health Services for Cambodian Refugee Women(2007) Adelson, Naomi; Dewitt, BethItem Open Access Final Report: Toward Equitable Health and Health Services for Cambodian Refugee Women(2007) Adelson, Naomi; Dewitt, BethItem Open Access Refugee decisions 2003-2006, Categorized by the IRB as Involving Bisexuality (by COO)This item provides access to the following Immigration and Refugee Board case files: TA2-01604; TA2-07989; MA4-00092; TA5-07054; TA1-15793; TA1-28558;TA1-28559; MA3-08683; MA3-09933; CA3-00051; TA3-13541; TA4-07133; TA2-10659; TA3-14773; TA3-11547; MA5-04358; TA2-10890;TA2-10891; TA2-22740; TA2-26377; TA3-03081; TA2-27406; TA3-03447; TA3-10510;TA3-10511;TA3-10512; TA2-26361; TA2-09607; TA2-14149;TA2-14150;TA214151;TA2-14152;TA2-00256; TA2-24078;TA3-15388; TA1-25035;TA1-25036;TA1-25037;TA1-25038;TA2-08366; TA2-06479;TA2-18248;TA2-18249; MA3-09461; TA3-15691; TA3-20966; MA4-03273; TA4-04856; MA3-05272; TA4-07134; TA5-01012; MA6-01843; TA4-16542; TA5-14415; TA2-15500; TA4-13632; TA4-12141; TA6-01450; TA4-08607; TA3-24241; MA3-07262; TA1-25948; TA2-04171; TA2-08810;TA2-08842;TA2-08843;TA2-08844; TA1-25926; TA1-18093;TA1-18328; TA1-19845;TA1-19846; TA1-12359; MA3-10319; MA4-00132; TA3-22897; TA2-16419; TA3-04471; TA3-15820; TA5-10217; TA5-11822; TA5-15711; TA5-15406; TA5-10480; CA3-00431; TA3-01625; TA1-28696; TA5-03024; TA3-08558; TA5-09633; MA2-03920; TA2-13833; TA2-12141; VA3-02165; MA3-02509; TA3-02486; MA3-02529; TA2-09620; VA3-02544; TA2-06587; VA3-02164;VA3-03319 MA3-08208; VA3-02318; VA3-02106;VA3-03294; MA3-08210; MA3-08209; MA3-03652; TA4-06537; MA4-01679;MA4-01680; TA3-22393; VA3-03948; TA4-02932; CA4-00680;CA4-00733;CA4-000734; TA4-12429; VA3-02241;VA3-03361;VA3-03362; TA4-12430; CA4-00826; VA3-04443;VA4-01881;VA4-01882;VA401883; VA3-03887; TA5-09415; VA3-03959;VA4-02258;VA4-02259;VA4-00260; TA5-14771; MA5-07057; TA4-18080; TA5-16547; CA4-00628; MA5-01095;MA5-01186;MA5-001187;MA501188; TA3-22388;TA3-22389;TA3-22390;TA3-22391;TA3-22392; TA4-03989; TA5-06016; MA4-03138; CA5-00557; TA5-01008; MA5-00721; TA4-19433; TA5-07252; CA5-00025; TA4-18848; MA5-06308; TA5-00154; TA3-07988; TA3-23862; TA3-05250; TA3-11540; MA2-05140; MA3-05876;MA3-05592; MA3-08577; MA4-00261; MA3-06787; MA5-02659; TA2-27572; TA2-26150; TA4-12704; TA3-11046; TA2-25504; TA3-18779; TA2-14097; TA2-09333; TA2-10685; TA3-10653; TA5-11508; TA2-21136; TA4-07000; TA4-05464; MA5-04320; TA4-19021; TA5-01198; TA5-16184;TA6-09975; TA5-05690; TA5-00782; TA5-02808; TA3-01282; TA5-03780; TA1-09214;TA1-09215; TA2-14365;TA2-14366;TA2-14367; TA3-09134;TA3-09241; TA3-09565; TA3-07587; TA2-20675; TA1-15272; TA1-09917; TA2-21777; TA3-11680; TA3-24496;TA3-24497;TA3-24498;TA3-24499;TA3-24500; TA2-23970; TA2-17112; TA5-00150; TA2-11990; TA2-23655; TA2-22317; TA2-09407; TA2-25196; TA2-26273; TA3-11514; TA2-23546; TA3-11234; TA1-15700; TA3-17025; TA2-20362; TA3-16797; TA3-15751;TA3-15839; TA2-17499; TA3-19863; TA4-11060; VA4-01769; TA5-01723; TA5-02123; TA3-16555; TA5-03026; TA4-13472; TA5-07398; TA3-04239; TA4-02767;TA4-02768; TA5-15741; TA4-04997; TA5-02897; TA5-11431; TA6-01977; TA5-06115;Item Open Access "Islam, national identity, and public secondary education: Perspectives from the Somali Diaspora in Toronto, Canada"(Taylor and Francis, 2007) Collet, BrucePublic schools have historically been key sites where children learn of and adopt a common national identity. In states where multiculturalism plays a central role in the articulation of a national identity, schools actively recognize and support the diverse cultures of their students in fulfilling this function. Canada is a state where, via federal policy, multiculturalism has been identified as a fundamental element of the national ethos. Formal education has been a key area in which the government has implemented this policy. However, public education in Canada is also committed to secularism, and this has been a cause for resistance by diverse immigrant groups. This paper examines resistance among traditional Muslim groups to Toronto school policies and practices that reflect an avowedly secular orientation. It focuses on the experiences of one Muslim group in particular, Somali immigrants, and their encounters with school policies and practices that both supported and challenged their identities. In doing so, the paper exposes the schools as sites of countervailing policies and practices within which students must nonetheless forge new and meaningful identities.Item Open Access Alienation and Nationalism: Is it Possible to Increase First Nations Voter Turnout in Ontario?(Canadian Journal of Native Studies, 2007) Dalton, Jennifer E.; Dalton, Jennifer EItem Open Access "Protracted Refugee Situations: Domestic and International Security Implications"(Routledge for the International Institute for Strategic Studies (Taylor and Francis), 2005) Loescher, Gil; Milner, JamesItem Open Access "Sociological Dimensions of Inclusion and Exclusion"(1997) Richmond, AnthonyItem Open Access "Refugee Rights in Canada and the 1951 Geneva Convention"(2011-10-20) Crepeau, Francois; Barutciski, MichaelItem Open Access "Report on the Working Group on Refugee Resettlement"(2011-10-19) Tiepoh, MosesItem Open Access "United Nations Intervention in Refugee Crises after the Cold War"(Palgrave, 1998) Mills, KurtRefugees have been ubiquitous in recent cases of international intervention. But, to what extent do refugees serve as the rationale to intervene? Do refugee flows legitimate intervention? To answer such questions, principal cases of recent UN interventions are examined including Northern Iraq (to protect the Kurds), Somalia, Haiti, Bosnia and Rwanda. Substantial evidence is found in UN resolutions and related documents to infer a trend towards greater consideration of refugees when deciding about intervention. Yet, such consideration is less 'humanitarian' than security-focused. That refugees pose threats to others, not solely or principally their own suffering, continues to dominate multilateral decisions to intervene.Item Open Access “Immigrant Political Socialization as Bridging and Boundary Work: Mapping the Multi-Layered Incorporation of Latin American Immigrants in Toronto”(Taylor and Francis, 2008) Landolt, Patricia; Goldring, LuinWe present a longitudinal map of three overlapping organizational trajectories developed by Latin American immigrants in the city of Toronto. We propose the concept of bridging and boundary work to specify how new (l) intersectional political identities and organizational agendas are constituted by Latin American feminist women and artists in the interstice of (2) country-of-origin and (3) mainstream pan-ethnic organizations. Boundary work occurs as activists with intersectional priorities carve out a distinct political agenda; the 'out-group' relations based on a shared sectoral focus constitute bridging work. Tracing changes in the local and transnational political opportunity structures, we consider how negotiations over resources, representation and agendas between these three Latin American organizational forms generate multidirectional political learning and socialization and the coexistence of different Latin American political cultures. We define political socialization as in-group .and out-group encounters between political cultures understood as civic toolkits or ways of doing politics.