Rees, PeterIbreck, RachelWeslety, Souhayel2025-10-032025-10-032025-09-15Peter Rees, Rachel Ibreck, Souhayel Weslety, The ‘UNFAIR’ refugee agency: UNHCR accountability after protests and violence, Journal of Refugee Studies, 2025, feaf056, https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feaf0561471-6925https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feaf056https://hdl.handle.net/10315/43160This article is published under a Creative Commons CC-BY license.Urban refugees increasingly resort to sit-ins outside United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) offices because they lack avenues for accountability. Our fieldwork reveals their experiences of neglect, mistreatment, and violence and the ways that these are compounded by UNHCR’s responses to protests, generating deep mistrust. Drawing on interviews with refugees in three protest sites and a workshop with legal practitioners, we document disturbing accusations, implicating UNHCR in human rights violations. We reflect on these findings and explore the possibility of transforming the agency’s accountability relations in the context of declining budgets and influence. We argue that the agency must abandon its securitized response to refugee-led protests and adopt a ‘networked accountability’ approach, engaging with the plural authorities that hold legitimacy in refugee protection. Although UNHCR is currently structurally dependent upon major donors and host states, it must embed accountability relations with refugee-led organizations (RLOs), NGOs, and legal practitioners to fulfil its mandate and protect refugees.Attribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Urban refugeesProtestUN High Commissioner for RefugeesAccountabilityEgyptTunisiaLibyaSwitzerlandArticle