Wilkins, Krista L.McGrath, PatrickFinley, G. AllenKatz, Joel2011-05-182011-05-181998Pain, 78(1), 7-12. (1998)http://hdl.handle.net/10315/7945Objective: To provide a better understanding of the prevalence, correlates and quality of phantom sensations and phantom pain in child and adolescent amputees. Design: Retrospective survey study. Setting: Recruitment through the War Amputations of Canada. Participants: Sixty child and adolescent amputees aged 8–18 years who were missing a limb due to a congenital limb deficiency (n=27) or surgery/trauma (n=33). Main outcome measure(s): Questionnaire to assess the occurrence and correlates of phantom sensations and phantom pain. Results: Forty-two percent of the total sample reported phantom sensations; 7.4% of the congenital group and 69.7% of the surgical group (χ2=23.70 with 1 df, P<0.01.) Twenty-nine percent of the total sample reported phantom pain; 3.7% of the congenital group and 48.5% of the surgical group (χ2=14.67, with 1 df, P<0.01). Eighty-eight percent of the amputees with phantom pain had stump pain, while 35.3% had phantom pain that was similar to pre-operative pain and 76.5% experienced pains other than phantom pain (e.g. headaches). Amputees identified exercise, objects approaching the stump, cold weather and ‘feeling nervous' as the primary triggers of phantom sensations and/or phantom pain. Conclusion(s): Less than half of the sample experienced phantom sensations and phantom pain; however, the loss of a limb due to surgery is associated with an increase in the likelihood of experiencing these phenomena.enamputeeadolescentchildphantom painphantom sensationArticlehttp://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/506083/description#descriptionhttp://www.elsevier.comhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6T0K-3TVP818-2-5&_cdi=4865&_user=866177&_pii=S0304395998001092&_origin=gateway&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F1998&_sk=999219998&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlW-zSkWA&md5=20ef9cf945fbaf1ec349db2110174a21&ie=/sdarticle.pdf