Post-Fledging Broods of Migratory Harlequin Ducks Accompany Females to Wintering Areas

Abstract

We describe evidence that Harlequin Duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) broods accompany their mothers from breeding streams to coastal molting or winteringa reas.O bservationsi ndicatedt hat all surviving female-offspringg roups left breedinga reas together. We later sighted some family members at the coast near each other, suggesting that they had arrived together, then separated. We observed family groups at wintering areas in August and September. Family groups tended to separate quickly, although some family members maintained contact for over five months. To our knowledge the evidence we provide is the first suggesting that female migratory ducks bring their offspring to wintering areas, a pattern similar to geese and swans. This may be facilitated by an unusual strategy of wing molt, in which HarlequinD ucks molt after migrating to wintering areas. Due to winter pairing and strong philopatry in Harlequin Ducks, migration of families may contribute to genetic differentiation among populations.